Anti-Semitism Essay - Martin Luther as Spiritual Icon for Adolf Hitler

Martin Luther as Spiritual Icon for Adolf Hitler The world has been plagued with the specter of anti-Semitism for many centuries. This hatred manifested itself in the frenzy of Nazism and the deaths of six million Jews, the final solution as it has come to be known. If someone were to reveal an eight step plan for the removal of Jews from European society, one would readily associate such a plan with Adolf Hitler. One would not, however, think also of Martin Luther, though he himself wrote an essay in 1543 entitled Concerning the Jews and their Lies outlining such a plan. This is not to suggest that Luther was akin to Hitler in action or deed. This does suggest that Luther, the spark of the Protestant Reformation and father of German nationalism, and his teachings had a profound impact on the anti-Semitic thinkers that were to follow (Prager 106). It is doable that Hitler and Luther shared a common ideological base. Luthers attitude toward the Jews is puzzling. During the cours e of his theological writings Luther made a drastic transition from sympathy to hateful paranoia. precise early in his Protestant career Luther wrote an essay entitled That Jesus Christ Was Born A Jew. In it he calls for tolerance, compassion, and peaceful conversion. ...they Catholics have dealt with the Jews as if they were dogs and not human beings (Luther That 33). Luther believed that a purified Christianity, his Christianity, would attract Jews (Patterson 16). Jews could only truly be converted through a demonstration of the scriptural basis of Christianity. A Jew was a person of worth to Luther. Luther asked how Jews could improve his society (Luther That 34). Luther called into question those who advocated vi... ...was not constrained by Luthers sense of merciful severity. Thus, it is unfair to say that Martin Luther was a manoeuvre cause of the Holocaust. Rather, Luthers anti-Semitic ideas and proposals provided a fertile soil from which the seeds of new even more horrif ic visions could germinate and grow into full bloom. Works Cited Luther, Martin. Concerning the Jews and their Lies. 1543. Rpt. in controversy and Dialogue. F.E. Luther ed. New York Ktav Publishing House, 1975. ---. That Jesus Christ Was Born a Jew. 1523. Rpt in Disputation and Dialogue. F.E. Luther ed. New York Ktav Publishing House, 1975. Mosse, George L. Toward the Final Solution. New York Howard Fertig, 1978. Patterson, Charles. Anti-Semitism. New York Walker and Company, 1982. Prager, Dennis and Joseph Telushkin. wherefore the Jews? New York Simon and Schuster, 1983.

Oedipus: A Tragic Hero Essay -- Oedipus Rex, Sophocles

Oedipus A Tragic Hero Oedipus Rex, or Oedipus the King is Sophocless first play of The Theban Cycle. It tells the story of a king that tries to escape his fate, but by doing so he only brings about his downfall. Oedipus is a classic example of the Aristotelian exposition of a tragic hero. Aristotle defines a tragic hero as a basically good and noble person who causes his own downfall due to a flaw in his character. Oedipus is a man of noble blood his parents, who raised him as a child, were King Polybus and Queen Merope of Corinth. Oedipus also becomes a king himself when he solves the Sphinxs riddle, thus saving Thebes and taking over the throne of the late King Laius. Oedipus then marries Jocasta, Laiuss widow, and they have children together. Though he is a very(prenominal) fair and understanding husband, Oedipuss main concern is always the city of Thebes. When a plague strikes the city, Oedipus refused sleep until he finds the cause, and he, sent Creon,To Delphi, Apol los place of revelation, To specify there, if he can, What act or pledge of mine may save the city (Sophocles 1257). Oedipus then vows to find who killed King Laius after Creon reveals that Laiuss death must(prenominal) be avenged so that the plague will be dispersed. Oedipus, a great and noble king was flawed by his hubris, or spiritual pride. Oedipus believes that he could avoid what the oracle told him long ago he would kill his father and then marry his mother. Instead of returning to his...

Compare and contrast Anne Hathaway and Frau Freud in Duffy’s Essay

Compare and agate line Anne Hathaway and Frau Freud in Duffyscollection The Worlds WifeThere are both similarities and contrasts between Anne Hathaway andFrau Freud ane of the mail similarities between the two verse forms arethe finishual references in both poems , the structure of the poems andthat they are both written in a womens voice. peerless of the main similarities between the poems is that they are bothwritten by wives of two very famous men, William Shakespeare andSigmund Freud.There are also similarities in the fact that thither are knowledgeablereferences in both of the poems. In Anne Hathaway she uses thesesexual con nonations as a way of explaining why Shakespeare did leaveher the second best bed.The bed we love in was a spinning world/of forests, castles,torchlight, clifftops, seas/where he would dive for peals.In Frau Freud the poem contains a add up of euphemism for penises thatmen use. Duffy or Frau Freud uses these synonyms to completely debunkFreud theories with this list that brings the readers attention toFreuds theories of the male obsession with the penis.The women in the two poems both enjoy sex, Anne Hathaway comments onhow she and her husband shared their love with their actions andwords. In Frau Freud she also says that she enjoys sex Im as aufait with hunt-the-salami/as Ms M. LewinskyAnother similarity between the two poems is that they are both writtenin praise form. They both contain fourteen lines and are written as asonnet for two specific reasons. Anne Hathaway is written in sonnetform because it was Shakespeares most famous and memorable form ofexpression. Duffy also used as a way of keeping Anne Hathaways lovefor her husband alive ... ...igraph to thepoem is an extract from Shakespeares will which supposedly insultsAnne Hathaway, but Anne explains in her sonnet to the people outsideof their marriage that she would not want their best bed because thiswas not the bed they loved each others in. as he held me upon thatnex t best bedOverall the similarities that can be seen between the two poems are more often than not superficial comparisons and are not really relevant to the mainthemes of the poems. Even the similarities have contrasts within them,for example they are both about relations with their husbands andtheir sexual relationships. But Anne Hathaway looks upon Shakespearewith love and compassion, Frau Freud sees Freud as obsessive and hasno emotions towards him and sees sex as a merely physical activity. SoI must conclude that the poems contrast more than they are able tocompare.

The Scarlet Letter: Symbolism In The Forest :: essays research papers

The Scarlet Letter Symbolism in the Forest     "The path throttle onward into the mystery of the primeval forest"(179).This sentence displays just ane of the multiple personalities that the forestsymbolizes in The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorn. As seen in theepic story Wizard of OZ, the forest represents a place of evil and delight, butin the Scarlet Letter the forest symbolizes much to a greater extent then that. Each characterbrings out a different side of the forest, however the forest also brings out adifferent side in each character. For some the forest may be a place ofsinister thoughts and wrong doing, but for others it is a place of happiness andfreedom.     The first check with the forest we have symbolizes just some of theevil that lingers within the darkness of the forest. As Hester and Pearl areleaving governor Bellinghams estate they are confronted by mistress Hibbins whoexplains that the witches are meet ing in the forest, and she then invites Hesterto become more deeply involved with her evil ways. "Wilt thou go with usthis night"(113) asked mistress Hibbins, yet Hester refused to sign her name in theblack mans book on that night. She explains that the only reason she does nonsign is because Pearl is still in her life. At this time the forest itself is aopen door to another world, a wicked world that would take her away from herpresent situation, but that is not the only door that the forest holds.     The forest is an open door to love and freedom for both Hester andDimmesdale. It is a place where the letter on their bodies can no longer havean effect on them if they choose. A world ruled by nature and governed bynatural law as opposed to the coloured strict community with its man madepuritan laws. Its as if the forest represents a key to the shackles the Hesterand Dimmesdale have been forced to wear, all that they have to do is unlock it.Although if they choose not to unlock them, they begin to dwell on the thingsthat they have done to deserve the shackles. In this the forest represents athing of truth, weather it be good or bad.     In pearls eyes the forest has a totally different concept. To Pearl theforest is like a best friend. It treats her as if she were one of its own. Theanimals do not runaway at her ever move, instead they come to her with open arms.The light is chasing her no matter where she goes.

Lifes a Bitch and then you Rock :: essays research papers fc

Lifes a Bitch and then you RockLife is full of hardships, which is a bitch. But, if faced, they atomic number 18 overcome and you are rewarded, which rocks. However, if the problems are non dealt with, more problems go away arise. My title is a quote by Art Alexakislead singer of the band Everclear. He was presented with problems in his bearing, but he faced them. And now his flavour is much better. No one ever promised that life would be easy, and no one ever told you exactly what to expect. This is because everyones life is different. No one faces the very(prenominal) challenges. But, everyone has to face life sooner or later.First, life confronts you with a problem. It is impossible to list every situation life can hand you, however, here are three scenarios that show different aspects of life. Youre a seventeen year-old girl who has just found out she is pregnant. Your boyfriend, afraid of the situation, has left you. Your parents, deeply religious, have shunned you. Your aunty allows you to stay in her house but disapproves. You are left alone to take care of yourselfsacrifice your childhood. In the next scenario, youre a large man. Your father has just suffered a severe stroke, his third in as many years. He is unconscious, in constant suffering, and kept alive, only by respirators that evanesce for him. You must choose whether to keep him alive on the machine or pull the plug and let him diedecide his fate. Finally, youre a 19 year-old college student that has to write a major essay. You havent made an effort all year. And if you dont write a reasonable motif you will probably fail the class. Its not a difficult assignment but you have to find time, research the subject, and not loose persuasion your goaltake the responsibility. Ursula K. Le Guin was presented with responsibility when she saw the sparrow trapped in the cage (564-565). She could have just walked away, but she took it upon herself to find help. In our lifetimes, life provides a problem, and we must find a solution.Next, you have to decide whether to face the problem at hand, or ignore it. Lets say, in that the initial scenario you face your problems, just as Barrett Mandel faced his problemthe inability of university students to write proficient papers. You get an after-school job study just as hard, if not harder, than you have been and make plans for the birth.

Lifes a Bitch and then you Rock :: essays research papers fc

Lifes a Bitch and then you RockLife is full of hardships, which is a bitch. But, if faced, they are surpass and you are rewarded, which rocks. However, if the problems are not dealt with, more problems will arise. My title is a quote by Art Alexakislead singer of the band Everclear. He was presented with problems in his life, but he faced them. And now his life is much better. No one ever promised that life would be easy, and no one ever told you precisely what to expect. This is because everyones life is different. No one faces the same challenges. But, everyone has to face life sooner or later.First, life confronts you with a problem. It is impossible to list every mail life can hand you, however, here are three scenarios that show different aspects of life. Youre a seventeen year-old girl who has just found bulge she is pregnant. Your boyfriend, afraid of the situation, has left you. Your parents, deeply religious, seduce shunned you. Your aunt allows you to stay in her hous e but disapproves. You are left alone to take care of yourself reach your childhood. In the next scenario, youre a grown man. Your father has just suffered a severe stroke, his third in as many years. He is unconscious, in constant suffering, and kept alive, only by respirators that breathe for him. You must choose whether to keep him alive on the machine or pull the plug and let him diedecide his fate. Finally, youre a 19 year-old college student that has to write a major essay. You haltnt made an effort all year. And if you tire outt write a reasonable paper you will probably fail the class. Its not a difficult assignment but you have to find time, research the subject, and not loose sight your goaltake the responsibility. Ursula K. Le Guin was presented with responsibility when she saw the sparrow trapped in the cage (564-565). She could have just walked away, but she took it upon herself to find help. In our lifetimes, life provides a problem, and we must find a solution.Next, you have to decide whether to face the problem at hand, or ignore it. Lets say, in that the first scenario you face your problems, just as Barrett Mandel faced his problemthe inability of university students to write proficient papers. You get an outside job study just as hard, if not harder, than you have been and make plans for the birth.

Distinguished organization Essay

I have just received your letter present me the prestigious Harrison Bankers Club scholarship for this year. I was overwhelmed by the feeling of achievement and happiness, but I must confess, my feeling of deep gratitude for you took better of me. It was the bright Monday sunrise when I was seriously pondering over my future plans while skimming through the pages of Business Times. Suddenly my eyes were arrested by an advertisement for grant of scholarships by your company. I immediately consulted my father who spoke very high of your organization.I sincerely acknowledge your efforts for taking time to process my application and the wonderful pass I had during the interview. I was impressed by the transparent, methodical and comprehensive procedure undertaken by you to identify the roughly deserving candidate. Your staff was courteous, friendly and cooperative. What touched me most was your inspiring conversation and intelligent questions you asked. The whole process was a rich l earning experience to me. I feel honored and find myself short of speech to express my grateful thoughts for your kind approval.Though few and far between, God has placed people like you to make the earth a beautiful place. Your conclusiveness will serve in a vast way in promoting the cause of research work I have been always been interested in. It was my long cherished dream to contribute to the fast expanding study of biotechnology, but honestly speaking, the financials constraints held me back. Now I consider it my foremost priority to ensure by tout ensemble means that my work adds further value to your distinguished organization. I again thank you for your favorable consideration and remain grateful ever for the scholarship to stand by me advance the studies.

Is Latin America a More Democratic Place Today Than It Was in 1945

Is Latin the States a more pop place today than it was in 1945? Given the word and time restrictions, an in erudition analysis of each Latin Ameri potbelly countrys participatory progression across the time period would simply not be feasible. kind of I will attempt to look at Latin the Statess progression as a whole and will provide examples of specialised countries situations where relevant, in particular Venezuela. Firstly it is important to distinguish between cardinal moods. One is nation. For democracy to give-up the ghost, thither must(prenominal) be free and fair elections.There must be more than one political party. The people of the country should permit a good program line so that they can make informed choices. They should portion a common culture. All must accept the idea that e veryone has fit rights. Finally, there must be rule by law, not by power. In other words there must be a insulation of power, which means that the judiciary has to be a completel y different body from the organization power of the country. Many nations in Latin America pee had dif? culty achieving democracy because all these factors argon not present.The second idea is that of democratic culture. This involves the existence of constitutions, rate for rights, transparency when it comes to policies and governmental decisions and crucially, no corruption. Latin America, when viewed as a whole, is slackly viewed as a more democratic place now than in 1945 precisely it would be wrong to assert that during the past 68 years Latin American countries make undergone a steady increase in democracy. Brazil is a prime example of a country that has gone through fluctuations in democracy throughout the period.Currently in Latin America, despite being in a state of relative poverty when compared to the rest of the world, the majority of countries stimulate become, at least formally, electoral democracies. 13 countries are now classed as free, 8 as partially free, w ith still Cuba and Haiti being deemed as not. Venezuela, following the recent go across of Hugo Chavez, is at a crossroads on its journey to democracy. However many head word how democratic a ruler Chavez actually was in his time as president. One of two very important relationships to analyse is that of democracy and the level of phylogenesis in a country or in this case Latin America.This leads on to what is one of the most stable relationships in social sciences, the positive correlation coefficient between high levels of wealth and established democracy (Lipset 1959). To back this statistic up, a democratic regime has never fallen after a country has reached a certain level of income per capita, which is said to be $6055 (Przeworski 2000). In 1945 Latin America was still recovering from the scotch shockwaves caused by the great depression of 1930. This global economic crisis meant that the rest of the world was not demanding any imports from Latin America.At the time these would have been mainly raw materials and this lack of export r crimsonue for the South American countries had a detrimental effect on their situations in the majority of cases. During the decade or so after the great depression, around 1945, the effects will have trickled subdue and income per capita and GDP levels will have been significantly reduced. This will in resign have destabilised democracy attempts and can be viewed as a reason for wherefore Latin America was less democratic then than it is now. Without the economic and pecuniary means it is very grueling to achieve a fully functioning democracy.Of caterpillar track it is worth pointing out that we are nearing the end of a fairly dense global economic downturn today but the consequences for Latin America are far less in this instance. The economic growth in Latin America has been very modest throughout the 68 years in misgiving but more importantly it has been volatile. Periods of prosperity in several countries ha ve been followed by long periods of stagnation and even negative growth. This volatility can be seen in Latin American countries progression since independence in toll of democracy as well.Take Brazil as an example. The country became independent in 1822 and was govern by a monarchy. In 1930 this monarchy was overthrown and the country was under a one-man rule for a couple of decades. In 1956 an elected leader was installed only to be replaced by military rule 10 years later. Finally in the 1980s, as a result of yet another economic decline, Brazil was yet over again ruled by an elected president. The other significant relationship that ask to be looked at is that of democracy and corruption.Corruption is usually defined as a irreverence of the norms of public office for personal gain (Nye 1967). It has been suggested that corruption permeates everyday liveness in Latin America with only very high profile cases ever being unveiled in a court of law and even then this only happ ens in the more democratic countries (Blake and Morris 2009). Here are a few statistics to back this assertion up. In a 2004 survey 42 % of respondents ranked the probability of paying a bribe to the police as high, opus 35% expressed the same ease of bribing a judge (Blake and Morris 2009).In a 2005 survey, 43% of respondents in Paraguay and 31% in Mexico admitted to having paid a bribe unspoiled within the past twelve months (Blake and Morris 2009). Democracy has a complex and mixed relationship to corruption (Doig and Theobald 2000). It provides alternative avenues to obtain and then use power and wealth. This leads to shit new opportunities for corruption. However despite the fact that democracy makes it easier for corruption to exist, when there is a democracy it becomes of even greater importance to supress corruption as it strikes at the very meaning of democracy itself.To sum this idea up, corruption undermines the warmness of citizenship, distorting and crippling democr acy (Blake and Morris 2009). It is clear from the statistics in the previous paragraph that corruption continues in todays Latin America to have a flush grip over many if not all of its countries. Therefore it is very difficult to say that democracy has come on in leaps and bounds since 1945 when as crucial a factor as corruption is still such a plague to the region. Another factor when looking at democracy in the continent is the level of direction.People must be aware of the fact that there is more than one option in a democracy. It is also crucial that the cosmos of a country understands the concept of propaganda. A democracy can only work in a country with a certain level of education otherwise it can easily be classed as brainwashing, especially with the level of enchant that the media can have over an ill-educated population. An example of what a lack of education can do in a democracy is that during the elections in which Chavez was voted in, he very nearly missed out on the appointment because his main allude was a former Miss Venezuela.The implication of this is that a worrying amount of the Venezuelan public didnt vote for Chavez because there was a far reform looking female alternative. Of course this could just be cynicism and she may well have had a very impressive manifesto and realistic yet liberal goals. During Chavez time in power though, he managed to substantially increase literacy along with reduce poverty by over half. Chavez had many positive effects on Venezuela, not least providing them with 14 years of stable rule. However his recent final stage has thrown the country off its feet and they are at risk of go into political turmoil.Further examples of why Latin America was less democratic in 1945 allow the fact that leading South American countries such as capital of South Carolina and Argentina had still not given women the right to vote. Universal suffrage is something that can be found in certain definitions of democracy for example pigeon-pea plants and was emphatically holding those countries back at that stage in their ask round for democracy (Dahl 1971). To conclude, it is safe to say that Latin American countries are in a better overall place than in 1945 but that corruption in particular is holding them back.A country needs to be not only pee for democracy but also willing to accept it. It can definitely be argued that not all Latin American countries are ready for democracy but one final point may indicate that they are nearing acceptance of it. This is that something the Latin Americans care greatly about is their national identity, an idea that is very closely linked to democracy. Therefore with the rapid increase in globalisation endangering this coveted national identity, South American countries are rapidly heat to the idea of being democratic. Bibliography Charles H. Blake & Stephen D. Morris (1999), Corruption and Democracy in Latin America, published by the University of Pittsburgh Press. * R. A. Dahl (1971), Polyarchy Participation and Opposition, published by Yale University Press. * Alan Doig and Robin Theobald (2000), Corruption and Democratization. * S. M. Lipset (1959), more or less Social Requisites of Democracy, Economic Development and Political Illegitimacy. * A. Przeworski (2000), Democracy and Development Political Institutions and welfare in the World 1950-1990, Cambridge University Press.Is Latin America a More Democratic Place Today Than It Was in 1945Is Latin America a more democratic place today than it was in 1945? Given the word and time restrictions, an in depth analysis of each Latin American countrys democratic progression across the time period would simply not be feasible. Instead I will attempt to look at Latin Americas progression as a whole and will provide examples of specific countries situations where relevant, in particular Venezuela. Firstly it is important to distinguish between two ideas. One is democracy. For democracy to work, there must be free and fair elections.There must be more than one political party. The people of the country should have a good education so that they can make informed choices. They should share a common culture. All must accept the idea that everyone has equal rights. Finally, there must be rule by law, not by power. In other words there must be a separation of power, which means that the judiciary has to be a completely different body from the governing power of the country. Many nations in Latin America have had dif? culty achieving democracy because all these factors are not present.The second idea is that of democratic culture. This involves the existence of constitutions, respect for rights, transparency when it comes to policies and governmental decisions and crucially, no corruption. Latin America, when viewed as a whole, is generally viewed as a more democratic place now than in 1945 but it would be wrong to assert that during the past 68 years Latin American countri es have undergone a steady increase in democracy. Brazil is a prime example of a country that has gone through fluctuations in democracy throughout the period.Currently in Latin America, despite being in a state of relative poverty when compared to the rest of the world, the majority of countries have become, at least formally, electoral democracies. 13 countries are now classed as free, 8 as partially free, with only Cuba and Haiti being deemed as not. Venezuela, following the recent passing of Hugo Chavez, is at a crossroads on its journey to democracy. However many question how democratic a ruler Chavez actually was in his time as president. One of two very important relationships to analyse is that of democracy and the level of development in a country or in this case Latin America.This leads on to what is one of the most stable relationships in social sciences, the positive correlation between high levels of wealth and established democracy (Lipset 1959). To back this statistic up, a democratic regime has never fallen after a country has reached a certain level of income per capita, which is said to be $6055 (Przeworski 2000). In 1945 Latin America was still recovering from the economic shockwaves caused by the great depression of 1930. This global economic crisis meant that the rest of the world was not demanding any imports from Latin America.At the time these would have been mainly raw materials and this lack of export revenue for the South American countries had a detrimental effect on their situations in the majority of cases. During the decade or so after the great depression, around 1945, the effects will have trickled down and income per capita and GDP levels will have been significantly reduced. This will in turn have destabilised democracy attempts and can be viewed as a reason for why Latin America was less democratic then than it is now. Without the economic and financial means it is very difficult to achieve a fully functioning democracy.Of c ourse it is worth pointing out that we are nearing the end of a fairly gruelling global economic downturn today but the consequences for Latin America are far less in this instance. The economic growth in Latin America has been very modest throughout the 68 years in question but more importantly it has been volatile. Periods of prosperity in several countries have been followed by long periods of stagnation and even negative growth. This volatility can be seen in Latin American countries progression since independence in terms of democracy as well.Take Brazil as an example. The country became independent in 1822 and was ruled by a monarchy. In 1930 this monarchy was overthrown and the country was under a dictatorship for a couple of decades. In 1956 an elected leader was installed only to be replaced by military rule 10 years later. Finally in the 1980s, as a result of yet another economic decline, Brazil was yet again ruled by an elected president. The other significant relationshi p that needs to be looked at is that of democracy and corruption.Corruption is usually defined as a violation of the norms of public office for personal gain (Nye 1967). It has been suggested that corruption permeates everyday life in Latin America with only very high profile cases ever being unveiled in a court of law and even then this only happens in the more democratic countries (Blake and Morris 2009). Here are a few statistics to back this assertion up. In a 2004 survey 42 % of respondents ranked the probability of paying a bribe to the police as high, while 35% expressed the same ease of bribing a judge (Blake and Morris 2009).In a 2005 survey, 43% of respondents in Paraguay and 31% in Mexico admitted to having paid a bribe just within the past twelve months (Blake and Morris 2009). Democracy has a complex and multifaceted relationship to corruption (Doig and Theobald 2000). It provides alternative avenues to obtain and then use power and wealth. This leads to brand new oppor tunities for corruption. However despite the fact that democracy makes it easier for corruption to exist, when there is a democracy it becomes of even greater importance to supress corruption as it strikes at the very meaning of democracy itself.To sum this idea up, corruption undermines the essence of citizenship, distorting and crippling democracy (Blake and Morris 2009). It is clear from the statistics in the previous paragraph that corruption continues in todays Latin America to have a tight grip over many if not all of its countries. Therefore it is very difficult to say that democracy has come on in leaps and bounds since 1945 when as crucial a factor as corruption is still such a plague to the region. Another factor when looking at democracy in the continent is the level of education.People must be aware of the fact that there is more than one option in a democracy. It is also crucial that the population of a country understands the concept of propaganda. A democracy can only work in a country with a certain level of education otherwise it can easily be classed as brainwashing, especially with the level of influence that the media can have over an ill-educated population. An example of what a lack of education can do in a democracy is that during the elections in which Chavez was voted in, he very nearly missed out on the appointment because his main rival was a former Miss Venezuela.The implication of this is that a worrying amount of the Venezuelan public didnt vote for Chavez because there was a far better looking female alternative. Of course this could just be cynicism and she may well have had a very impressive manifesto and realistic yet progressive goals. During Chavez time in power though, he managed to substantially increase literacy along with reducing poverty by over half. Chavez had many positive effects on Venezuela, not least providing them with 14 years of stable rule. However his recent death has thrown the country off its feet and they are at risk of descending into political turmoil.Further examples of why Latin America was less democratic in 1945 include the fact that leading South American countries such as Columbia and Argentina had still not given women the right to vote. Universal suffrage is something that can be found in certain definitions of democracy for example Dahls and was definitely holding those countries back at that stage in their bid for democracy (Dahl 1971). To conclude, it is safe to say that Latin American countries are in a better overall place than in 1945 but that corruption in particular is holding them back.A country needs to be not only ready for democracy but also willing to accept it. It can definitely be argued that not all Latin American countries are ready for democracy but one final point may indicate that they are nearing acceptance of it. This is that something the Latin Americans care greatly about is their national identity, an idea that is very closely linked to democracy. Therefore with the rapid increase in globalisation endangering this coveted national identity, South American countries are rapidly warming to the idea of being democratic. Bibliography Charles H. Blake & Stephen D. Morris (1999), Corruption and Democracy in Latin America, published by the University of Pittsburgh Press. * R. A. Dahl (1971), Polyarchy Participation and Opposition, published by Yale University Press. * Alan Doig and Robin Theobald (2000), Corruption and Democratization. * S. M. Lipset (1959), Some Social Requisites of Democracy, Economic Development and Political Illegitimacy. * A. Przeworski (2000), Democracy and Development Political Institutions and Well-being in the World 1950-1990, Cambridge University Press.

Central Dogma

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology was founded by Francis Crick in 1958. A central dogma of biology provides an explanation as to how gene expression occurs. The central dogma is the main thesis of molecular inheritance. It states that DNA makes ribonucleic acid, which makes protein. Genes control the traits by controlling which proteins are made. The form of Central Dogma of Molecular Biology is when DNA transcripts into RNA and thence translates into protein. Transcription is the transfer of genetic information from DNA forming into RNA.The differences between DNA and RNA are the sugar thats in DNA which is called deoxyribose and ribose for RNA which does not have sugar. When DNA sound reflection begins, it begins at a specific point in the DNA molecule called the origin of payoff site. The enzyme helicase unwinds and separates a portion of the DNA molecule. After the DNA polymerase separates a portion of the molecule it then initiates the process of replication in which DN A polymerase can add new nucleotides to a pre-existing chain of nucleotides.Therefore, replication begins as an enzyme called primase and it assembles an RNA primer at the origin of the replication site. The RNA primer consists of a sequence of RNA nucleotides, complemental to a section of the DNA drawing string that is being prepared for replication. The RNA primer is then removed and replaced with a sequence of DNA nucleotides. Then Okazaki fragments are synthesized and the RNA primers are replaced with DNA nucleotides and the individual Okzaki fragments are bonded together into a continuous complementary strand.During transcription deoxyribose nucleic acid is formed into another nucleic acid which is ribonucleic acid or RNA. Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds onto the double stranded DNA molecule. RNA polymerase moves along the strand of DNA fashioning a complementary single stranded RNA molecule. Heres a good thing you could remember, take the root discussion sc ribe out of transcription and think of it was a person who writes copies of important documents because that is what scribe means.Next is translation, it is the process of using the code in RNA to put together the protein and translation is a word that describes the transfer of information from one to another. Translation begins when messenger RNA binds to the ribosome. The RNA passes along the ribosome and brings out 3 nucleotides at a time. While thats happening the amino acid that is being carried is also being transferred to the amino acid chain. After that is done the ribosomal complex falls asunder and the protein is released into a cell.During protein deductive reasoning, amino acids build a protein molecule thats, of course, called protein synthesis. Synthesis means putting together, so that is a good way to remember protein synthesis. Protein synthesis is the cellular process of building proteins. Translation has a part of the central dogma that is also included in protei n synthesis and transcription is not. Translation is scantily the decoding of RNA to make a chain of amino acids that will then, later, turn into protein. Overall in central dogma, DNA is simply the instructions to making proteins.

Dementia Causes Of Nonfatal Disability Health And Social Care Essay

Mr. Roy was a supervisor and driver for a company for 35 middle-aged ages, dedicated employee, he matrimonial Jane and had four kids. Roy s Dendranthema grandifloruom has history of undiagnosed psychotic jobs. He ever had disconnected idiosyncrasy, rigorous with everything and ever wanted to be foremost. Although he was dedicated to his occupation and never had clip for his get into, Jane was the chief carer of the kin. She take to the woodsed as director of a residential place.She says that he never been at that place for my kids. Roy was a lovely undivided when he wed her, after she had four kids, he was working as a supervisor for a company for 35 old ages. Roy lost his occupation when he could non birth the alterations in work environment, when the company started to utilize the modern equipments. He started to act unsuitably, he collected office paperss and kept it on the top of the Attic, as he does non like Changes Company s policies.He lost his occupation as this com pany moved to another topographic point. He lost involvement in his business firm life he spent clip in saloon and ever had impermanent lady friends and spends money for them, which ever leaded him to hold debts and borrowed from Bankss and edifice society, without cognizing his married woman. His married woman had to confront the biddings, measures and constabularies instances for a big clip. She continued to pay back.He had jobs with pull offing histories, records and names of kids. Roy started to be really ill-mannered and argumentative thread per unit area on his married woman for money and spent it handling others in the saloon. He had tonss of impermanent lady friends his soul(prenominal)ity changed, he endanger his married woman with a gun one 24 hours to happen his manner. His driving accomplishments became hapless, and he had a auto clang however survived miraculously. He neer mentioned with his auto after this incident. Mr. Roy so isolated himself-importance.He us age to see on a regular basis to the topographic point where the company was and travelled several(prenominal) times in a coach on the fixed path. He has been referred to the head-shrinker and diagnosed of anxiousness, depression and he refused to undergo any intervention for 3 old ages. His view go worse.Roy s memory deteriorated. He admitted to the infirmary due to his rough behavior pneumonia Mrs. Jane had to take voluntary retirement due to fiscal loyalty and to look after Roy. Her girl was really supportive to her other three kids hated him, and neer bothered nigh their pa. Roy so sectioned due to his hard behavior admitted in mental wellness unit, undergone a CT s fucking and diagnosed of Fronto temporal dementedness. He moved to an EMI nursing place to pull off his conglomerate demands. Roy displays physical aggression both existent and endangering. Roy says do you desire two black eyes. He will raise his fist and will try to big H the staff s faces. Roy s suppression s appears decr chastenessd which frequently consequences in socially inappropriate behaviors.Physical aggression towards fellow occupants, Roy appears to hold no penetration to his ain status on others illness and safety. Roy is at broad(prenominal) hazard of bolting and has a past history of Windowss and bolting from the old attention scenes.Roy is self disregard, resistive towards personal attention, his behavior john be disputing when staff attack him sing personal attention.He has no construct of hazard to himself or others, he will occupy mint s personal infinite and can go confrontational regardless of any age groups.When people inquire Roy inquiries he will laugh unsuitably, mimic, or reply unsuitably, for parable do nt be stupid.His short term memory appears impaired to the topographic point and day of the month.Long term memory appears impaired and muddled. Roy believes that he was in the Navy, but his married woman has told that this was wrong.Some facets of Roy s long term memory are integral and he is able to acknowledge household members He likes to turn in on coat and bind all the clip.Conversational accomplishments are limited and superficial in manner hence farther mental wellness appraisal are hard. Roy likes harmony and will play loud unison with no construct to others. When his control lowers Roy has a inclination to socially insulate himself, He is presently prescribed antidepressants and his temper presently appears s circuit card, he has a sweet tooth, can be really demanding for peculiarly chocolate eclairs.He tends to acquire chest infections recurrently.Common causes of dementedness are Alzheimer s infirmity, vascular dementedness, Korsakoffs syndrome, Dementia with Lewy organic structures Fronto temporal dementedness, Creutzfeldt Jacob syndrome, Aids related cognitive damage, other rarer causes like Progressive Supranuclear paralysis, and Bins cholers disease. Peoples with multiple Sclerosis, motor nerve cell disease, Parkins on s disease and Huntington s disease can anyhow at an increased hazard of developing dementedness.Younger oncoming of dementedness is randomly delimitate as get downing onwards the age of 65 old ages. It is much rarer than tardily on mend of dementedness ( Harvey, 1998 ) the proportion of those with Fronto Temporal Dementia is judgment to be higher in jr.-on place group than among older people developing dementedness. ( Dale2003 Williams 2001 ) per go on presenting emphasiss for household members. In add-on, the societal and psychological context of younger people with dementedness is different from that of older people ( Cox and Keady,1999 Tined all and Manthrope,1997 ) The term Fronto temporal dementedness covers a scope of status including choices disease and dementedness associated with motor nerve cell disease all are caused by harm to the frontal lobes and the temporal parts of the encephalon, these are responsible for the frantic responses and linguistic communicati on accomplishments Alzheimer s society ( factsheet404 ) explains the nucleus characteristics of FTD as defined by the Neary standards are other(a) diminution in societal and personal behavior, stirred up blunting and loss of penetration. Selective encephalon devolution is seen in dorsolateral orbital and medical frontlet cerebral mantle ( Neary ) .Personality displacements in the way of submissiveness are typical for FTD. Although extroversion can emerge in antecedently introverted single s ( Rankin, Kramer, Mychackand Miller ( 2003 ) points out that there is a displacement from the heat to coldness on personality panics.Changes in established spiritual or political believes and forms of frock proposing alterations in the sense of ego are common, regard for personal boundaries disappears, some affected role stare and go overfriendly, taking openly to the aliens ( including kids ) , Increased trust for others make these patients vulnerable to fiscal cozenages or sexual developmen t. Indiscretion causes embarrassment to the household and disinhibited oral effusions or socially inappropriate behavior is common. Miller ( 1997 ) describes the symptoms are Antisocial behaviors, frequently reflect hapless opinion and impaired impulse control. Damage in personal behavior is a nucleus characteristic.Some can be hyperactive with verbal and motor activities.where as others become inactive and withdrawn, some patients will hesitate between over activity and apathy. Gregory and Hodges ( 1996 ) Kean Kalder, Hodges and immature, ( 2002 ) , Rosen et Al, ( 2004 ) Loss of concern for others and outstanding emotional blunting tend to insulate the patient.A solace of cognitive and emotional alterations tocontributeto this emotional blunting.for illustration, comprehension and look.are deficient, and the softness to grok the emotions that others are experiencing. That the others are experiencing peculiarly better, negative emotions contributes to the feeling that the patient is no longer concerned about his or her loved 1s, in add-on, patients become self centred and tend to concentrate on their ain peculiar demands and desires. In a medical crisis scene, patients may react with inappropriate deficiency of concern, sometimes in a eccentric mode ( Johansson & A Hagberg,1989 Kramer et Al 2003 ) loss of executive maps leads to impaired multi tasking, switching abstracting, doing sound judgements, planning and job work outing the executive jobs can be the first manifestaon of venereal disease continuing behavioral shortages ( lindauetal 2000 ) hapless public presentation at occupations leads these patients to acquire fired, and they tend to work at increasingly simpler businesss. Similarly, ruinous fiscal loss due to hapless determination devising is common prior to presentation at the doctor s office ( moth miller 1995 ) explains that preservative and stereo typed behaviors emerge in the in-between phases of FTD, simple insistent motor or verbal Acts of the Apostless such as lips doing, manus friction or humming are common. More complex behaviors such as roll uping ( refuse, stones, casts, fictile figures ) rolling a fixed path or numbering money, spud in patients. Hyperorality manifests in over feeding and alterations in nutrient penchant to a certain type of nutrient or even construct of inedible objects. Analyzing this behavior features Mr Roy is precisely the same features we can see in him.Roy s disputing behavior can be the marks of hurt choler, aggression anxiousness, and backdown.As ( Kerr and Cunningaham2004 ) states that it is hard to look how idiosyncratic respond to the behavior or responses of a someone with dementedness, if we do non cognize what caused it for and how individual interprets it.As Roy has a rare signifier of dementedness with primary state-of-the-art dysphasiaPatient with FTD besides go on to develop address and linguistic communication jobs during the development of disease, ( Neary 1998 Pasqu ier, Lebert, Lavenu and Gallium, 1999 ) .Depression occurs and many patients with FTD are diagnosed with depressive upsets before dementedness is unmingled ( miller 1991 ) depression has untypical characteristics that are a hint to the existent diagnosing. Loss of insight sing behavioral alterations, diminished empathy for others, defence mechanism of depression, alterations, diminished empathy for others, denial of depression, apathy, and blunted affect are present, in many patients with FTD and depressive characteristics. Psychotic characteristics, such as psychotic beliefs and hallucination, occur but are infrequent. Deficits in working memory, set shifting and coevals are apparent, episodic memory shortages can be outstanding, taking to misdiagnosis of AD. ( Lindau 2000 ) ( Miller, Swartz Lesser, & A Darby, 1997 ) states that inordinate smoke and intoxicant or drug contumely can take to the misdiagnosis of intoxicant or drug dependence, patients with FTD tend to gorge in glu ttonous mode. In clinical pattern because many doctors are unfamiliar with its specific characteristics FTLD is normally misdiagnosed as AD. Decline in societal and personal behavior, emotional blunting, loss of penetration and progressive address upset develop early in the FLTD.( Dawn Brooker 2007 ) points out that understanding individual s past history is important to supplying individual centred attention, by looking at processs for how central narratives are known about and how these are communicated Person with dementedness is cardinal to this procedure although others such as household or professional carers can besides deduce considerable benefits from being involved. The procedure and its touchable results assist communications and aid the development of positive kinships, Life narrative work hence has a multiple benefits for assorted people. It is and activity that all the mostly about the yesteryear, takes topographic point in the present.it involves a series of intensi ve, non endangering extremely personal treatments between the individual disabled by dementedness and antiphonal appreciative hearer.As Roy s dementedness has progressed and is unable to derive any information from him. Cunningham ( 2006 ) Lack of consciousness and cognition about the demands of the patients with dementedness can take to disputing behavior and misunderstanding of their demands. The ABC analysis of behavior is a utile successful tool for understanding patients with Dementia. This system bring home the bacons an chance to enter all the factors which interact to make a ambitious state of affairs. ( Wang and miller 2006 ) points out that many facets of this upset make it peculiarly troublesome for wellness professionals, including loss of empathy for others, apathy, diminished penetration and inappropriate sound behaviours that qualify these patients. It can be argued that successful lovingness relationships are those here the individual with Dementia is received mere ly for what they are, non pressurised to go what they one time were an impossible mark for them to accomplish.Kitwood was the first author to utilize the term personhood in relation to people with dementedness, he defined personhood as a standing or fix that is bestowed upon what human being by other, in the context of the relationship and societal being.It implies acknowledgment, regard and trust. Brooker ( 2004 ) helpfully encapsulates the individual -centred frame work in four countries valuing the individual with dementedness and those who provide attention for them. ( V ) The individualism of each individual with dementedness, ( I ) , The of import position of individual with dementedness ( P ) and the cardinal function played by individuals societal environment individual centred attention involves the integrating of these four elements. So the people with dementedness and those who care for so genuinely seen as VIPs.A senses frame work has been proposed by Nolan as a of und erstanding these triangular relationship between the individual with dementedness, the relation and the attention place staff.Six senses are highlighted.those are sense of security, sense of properties, sense of continuity, sense of intent, sense of accomplishment and sense of significance.For individual with dementedness life in a attention place the two cardinal sets of trigon relationship are foremost, with household members and friends and 2nd, with assorted members of staff provide attention.the relationship with household and friends is critical in the context of the individuals journey through life the relationship with staff is critical in relation twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours comfort and satisfactions demands.Nolan et al argues ( 2003 2006 ) argue that these six senses are indispensable for the relationship that are reciprocally satisfied for all concerned.for each of six countries, the individual with dementedness, household member and attention worker may see this otherwise, yet a spread in any of these countries will adversely impact the quality of relationship.( Forests Keady bseddonch Diane 2007 ) explains that the individual with dementedness may experience secure and safe when he or she has a friendly smile faces about, and physical demands are reacting to quickly and gently ( the household member may experience secure when she or he experience confident that the individual is in good custodies. and having good attention.the attention worker may experience secure when their occupation is non under menace. when they do non experience criticised and scrutinised for every action, and when they do non experience under menace or onslaught, whether physical or verbal. A survey by CSCI ( 2008 ) of attention places has shown the quality of attention staff, communicating with people with dementedness has a major impact on their quality of life.leadership ethos, of attention place staff preparation support and good development are import ant factors in back uping good pattern.Jane hated Roy because his hard behavior and the emphasis she had before diagnosing. G.Ps were non cognizant of this dementedness as it is rare signifier of dementedness, .A cardinal manner easing carer s struggle, is for the nurses and the carers to negociate a relationship within which engagement can run in a manner that endorses the rules of good pattern is already established.Walker. Tocopherol and Jane, B ( 2001 )Fronto temporal lobe devolution work stoppages at comparatively immature age, so the disease frequently causes dramatic economic and societal cause before patients arrive in the clinic. The UK National service frame work for older people provinces that there should be specialist services for the younger people with dementia DOH , ( 2001 ) National service frame work for long term Neurological Conditions advices that there should be individual centred services, early acknowledgment, prompt diagnosing intervention and early reha bilitation ( DoH,2005 )When Jane had to confront the effects of the challenging behaviours financially and emotionally for long periods as she was non acquiring plenty aid from the wellness professionals, and deficiency of diagnosing and unaware of his type of dementedness.the individual with dementedness will set with this of course, but it can be much more hard for their loved 1s, since they are distressed by what they lost.Miller and Wang ( 2003 ) Typical and Atypical major tranquilizers have been used for commanding aggressive and psychotic symptoms. However sing the possible inauspicious response with deteriorating motor symptoms and dysphasia, major tranquilizers should merely be used as a last resort.An increasing figure of structured or curative activity-based intercessions exist for people with dementedness. Examples include world orientation cognitive stimulation therapy music therapy art, authorship, dance and motion play aromatherapy and centripetal stimulation int ergenerational programmes Montessori-based methods doll therapy the SPECAL attack emotion-oriented attention horticultural therapy and woodlands therapy. Reappraisals have revealed that the research grounds for most of these activities appears weak, nevertheless the macroscopical positive consequence they have on persons and anecdotal grounds indicates that they are worthwhile and haveReferancesKerr D. Cunningham degree Celsius ( 2004 ) Finding the right response to people with Dementia.Nursing and residential attention.6,11, 539-542.Harvey R.J ( 1998 ) Family Burden immature oncoming of dementedness Epidemiology, clinical symptoms, support and outcome London Imperial College.Walker E. & A Devar B.J. ( 2001 ) issues and inventions in Nursing Practice.How do we ease carer involvement in determination devising? Journal of advanced Nursing 34 ( 3 ) , 329-337.DecisionThe above survey therefore explains the badness of Dementia and its effects if left unattended. As stated above the figure of people acquiring affected by this disease is increasing at a really high rate. Thus this disease seems to present a serious menace to mankind and its societal being. The clip has come to get down big graduated table surveies and experiments on this disease and thereby device a methodology/cure for this. Besides WHO should advance consciousness about this disease among common public to cover early sensing and thereby cut downing farther wellness hazards.

Feminism and the Importance of Identity Politics Essay

To be feminist in any authentic sense of the term is to want for all people, female and male, liberation from sexist aim patterns, domination, and oppression. Bell Hooks succinctly sums up what it means to be a feminist, and yet when we look to the feminist movement and feminist theorizing today, we see a disturbingly different picture. In a social movement founded on equality for all human beings, the patriarchy and its power structures have still make a negative impact in the way this movement is shaped and perpetuated, especially in terms of intersectionality and identity politics. Whose voices are heard? What issues are prioritized? Who is considered a true feminist? When we ask how and why issues of identity and intersectionality are relevant to feminist theorizing, the answer is simple. When the true and complex identities of individuals and social groups are ignored, what forms is a contain and narrow view inherently oppositional to the movements foundation and goals.Essenti ally, ignoring these issues means perpetuating the oppression the movement itself is trying to fight. What follows is a brief analysis on trio reasons why feminists should care about identity and individuals with complex identities 1) addressing oppressions in a movement dedicated to eliminating all oppression, 2) identifying the negative consequences of elision of difference, and 3) recognizing the real importance of intersectionality in terms of survival in the real world, as opposed to simply theorizing in academics. While the feminist movement is explicitly dedicated to fighting racial discrimination and any other types of isms, we see that typically marginalized groups continue to be marginalized within the movement. These groups are well aware of this oppression, yet how often their voices are heard or even considered are slim to none. In a statement from Black feminists part of The Combahee River Collective, it is explained that there was the get hold of to develop a polit ics that was anti-racist, unlike those of discolor women, and anti-sexist, unlike those of Black and white men (CRC 59).As members of two oppressed groups in society, Black women face the highest obstacles in their pursuit of neck liberation, especially because of the dominating narrative and voices that have typically commandeered the political movement. As Kimberle Crenshaw purports, the need to split ones political energies between twosometimes opposing groups is a dimension of intersectional disempowerment that men of color and white women seldom confront (Crenshaw 85). The intersectional experience of whiteness women have typically dominated the womens movement as sporting women have had more accessibility and opportunity to speak out/theorize academically as opposed to Black women.Thus, the experiences of Black women which are distinguishably different from the whitened womans are essentially absent from the discussion, an issue that is highly problematic as it points t o racism and oppression within a social jurist movement (not to mention a limited perspective). Feminist theorists and activists must make sure to account for intersectional experiences in order to head off this hypocrisy. Specifically, White feminists and activists must regard that their role as genuine activists in the movement mandates a need to be educated and literate in Black history and culture, something that the Combahee River Collective has explicitly called for. As they argue, eliminating racism in the white womens movement is by definition work for white women to do, but we will continue to speak to and get hold of accountability on this issue (CRC 63).Being a conscientious and to the full aware member of this movement involves more than addressing intersectionality and racism within the movement. Feminist theorists need to identify the importance of 1) making the personal political, and subsequently 2) avoiding the harmful and common elision of differences between a nd within groups. These two ideas cannot happen or be fully achieved without the other. The first step requires a great deal of honesty and self-reflection, which may come with some discomfort and pain, a reason that many individuals may avoid this introspection. As Mari Matsuda argues in her article, by claiming, exploring, and questioning my protest identity in an explicit way, I seek truth, and I seek to encourage my students to do the uniform (Matsuda 75).Feminist theorists must consider the value of truth and justice over any type of discomfort or personal guilt that blocks the path towards complete liberation for all. Just as honesty is crucial in terms of oppression within the movement, it is also key in recognizing privilege. Matsuda supports this idea I do not know of any other politics of social change that works other than the one that asks people to explore deeply their own localization on the axes of power (Matsuda76). Once one has a certain amount of self-awareness and have a go at its their privilege, hardly then can they be able to avoid ignoring intragroup differences. Ergo, the White woman cannot fully understand the complexity & struggle of a Black womans experience in the movement if she does not understand her own privilege over the Black woman within the same movement.While intersectionality is quite real in the day-to-day lives of women, feminist theory has typically reason identity as a limiting either/or dichotomy between woman or person of color, leaving women of color marginalized. In terms of violence against women, Crenshaw argues that this elision of difference is harmful because it is perpetuating the violence by not fully understanding how multiple dimensions of womans identity impart to her experience. For example, in our society ruled by a racist/patriarchal structure and system, battered women of color face poverty and racially discriminatory handicraft/housing, thus have a much harder time finding shelter and suppor t. The elision of difference can also be harmful because it poses as a threat to solidarity ignoring intragroup differences simply continue to raise tension between these sub groups and ultimately harms the progress of the movement, which requires everyone to stand with one another.Lastly, feminist theorists must recognize the importance of intersectionality and identity as transcendent issues that go beyond simply theorizing and play a very real role in the lives of women every day. As Crenshaw argues, The struggle over incorporating these differences is not a petty or superficial conflict about who gets to sit at the head of the table. In the context of violence, it is sometimes a deadly serious matter of who will survive and who will not (Crensaw 89). The commonly shared assumption that battering is a minority problem, for example, exemplifies the issues with ignoring intersectionality/identity. buffet is a human problem, and if a Latina woman cannot get shelter from a husband threatening to kill her multiple times because she cant cut she is English-proficient, then something is very wrong.These exclusionary policies are inherently oppositional to the goal of human liberation and the womens movement, and if feminist theorists do not address this, then not only will real change remain absent, but we will continue to lose the livesof women around the world. These are human beings that merit to live and exercise their rights that deserve to celebrate their multi-dimensional identity, instead of suffer from it because feminist theory and societal structure are ignoring them. Feminist theorists, we need you to be honest with yourselves and your privilege. We need you to address the complexity and beauty of every individual, help use these differences to resist against oppression instead of perpetuate it, and ultimately harness and use the full power of group solidarity to rightfully and genuinely fight for human liberation.

Benefits Of Reading Books Essay

Ive found that no matter what I scan, the good turn of reading all(prenominal) day has helped me in nearly every aspect of my life. Here are a few of my favorite ways that reading has change my quality of life, and will definitely improve yours.1. Mental StimulationStudies pretend shown that staying mentally stimulated can slow the progressof (or possibly even prevent) Alzheimers and Dementia, since guardianship your brain active and engaged prevents it from losing power. Just like any other muscle in the body, the brain requires exercise to keep it strong and healthy, so the express use it or lose it is particularly apt when it comes to your mind. Doing puzzles and playing games such as chess have likewise been found to be helpful with cognitive stimulation.2. Stress ReductionNo matter how very much stress you have at work, in your personal relationships, or countless other issues faced in daily life, it all just slips away when you lose yourself in a great story. A well-wr itten novel can transport you to other realms, while an ami adequate article will distract you and keep you in the present moment, letting tensions drain away and allowing you to relax.3. KnowledgeEverything you read fills your head with new bits of information, and you never accredit when it might come in handy. The more knowledge you have, the better-equipped you are to tackle any challenge youll ever face. Additionally, heres a bit of nourishment for thought should you ever find yourself in dire circumstances, remember that although you might lose everything elseyour job, your possessions, your money, even your healthknowledge can never be taken from you.4. Vocabulary ExpansionThis goes with the above topic the more you read, the more words you gain exposure to, and theyll inevitably make their way into your everyday vocabulary. Being chatter and well-spoken is of great help in any profession, and knowing that you can speak to higher-ups with self-confidence can be an enormo us boost to your self-esteem. It could even helper in your career, as those who are well-read, well-spoken, and knowledgeable on a variety of topics tend to get promotions more quickly (and more often) than those with smaller vocabularies and lack of consciousness of literature, scientific breakthroughs, and global events. Reading books is also vital for learning new languages, as non-native speakers gain exposure to words used in context, which will improve their own speaking and writing fluency.5. Memory ImprovementWhen you read a book, you have to remember an assortment of characters, their backgrounds, ambitions, history, and nuances, as well as the various arcs and sub-plots that twine their way through every story. Thats a fair bit to remember, but brains are marvellous things and can remember these things with relative ease. Amazingly enough, every new memory you create forges new synapses (brain pathways)and strengthens existing ones, which assists in short-term memory re call as well as stabilizing moods. How cool is that?6. Stronger analytic Thinking SkillsHave you ever read an amazing mystery novel, and solved the mystery yourself before finishing the book? If so, you were able to put critical and analytical thinking to work by taking note of all the details provided and sorting them out to determine whodunnit. That same ability to analyze details also comes in handy when it comes to critiquing the plot determining whether it was a well-written piece, if the characters were properly developed, if the storyline ran smoothly, etc. Should you ever have an opportunity to discuss the book with others, youll be able to state your opinions clearly, as youve taken the era to really consider all the aspects involved.7. Improved Focus and ConcentrationIn our internet-crazed world, attention is drawn in a million different directions at once as we multi-task through every day. In a single 5-minute span, the average person will divide their time between wor king on a task, checking email, chatting with a couple of people (via gchat, skype, etc.), keeping an eye on twitter, monitoring their smartphone, and interacting with co-workers. This type of ADD-like behaviour causes stress levels to rise, andlowers our productivity. When you read a book, all of your attention isfocused on the storythe rest of the world just falls away, and you can immerse yourself in every handsome detail youre absorbing. Try reading for 15-20 minutes before work (i.e. on your morning commute, if you take public transit), and youll be surprised at how much more focused you are once you get to the office.8. Better Writing SkillsThis goes hand-in-hand with the expansion of your vocabulary exposure to published, well-written work has a noted effect on ones own writing, as observing the cadence, fluidity, and writing styles of other authors will invariably fix your own work. In the same way that musicians influence one another, and painters use techniques establish ed by previous masters, so do writers learn how to craft prose by reading the works of others.9. TranquilityIn profit to the relaxation that accompanies reading a good book, its possible that the subject you read about can bring about immense inner calm and tranquility. Reading spiritual texts can lower blood pressure and bring about an immense sense of calm, while reading self-help books has been shown to help people slimy from certain mood disorders and mild mental illnesses.10. Free EntertainmentThough many of us like to buy books so we can annotate them and dog-ear pages for future day reference, they can be quite pricey. For low-budget entertainment, you can visit your local library and bask in the glory of the countless tomes available there for free. Libraries have books on every subject imaginable, and since they rotate their stock and constantly get new books, youll never run out of reading materials.

Critical Paper A Rose for Emily

In the story of A Rose for Emily, a kind of point of view that is used was first point of view of multiple characters where the cashier is adept of the characters in the story. The multiple characters narrate the actions of a group of characters while never referring to a me and only to a we of the group. It was evident that the narrator was one of the town who were very objective in reaching the facts of the story.He told us about what the townspeople think of Miss Emily but he didnt judge her. He intelligibly presented a reality, not an illusion in which Miss Emily was the one whos really struggling with the concept of reality vs. illusion and also living one way while hiding a terrible secret (reality vs. appearance). One of the main themes of the story is that people should let go of their past, moving on with the present so that they mountain prep atomic number 18 to welcome their future.Emily was the proof of a person who always lived on the shadow of the past because she was afraid of changing. She did not accept the act of time throughout all her life, keeping everything she loved in the past with her. The first evident was about the description of Griersons mark which was still remained uniform a symbol of seventieth century while the society was changing every minute.The second evident was the event that Miss Emily declined to pay taxes because in her mind, her family was sizeable and they didnt have to pay any taxes in the town of Jefferson and the third was the fact that Miss Emily had kept her fathers death body inside the house and didnt allow burying him. And last evident which was also the most interesting of this story, the discovery of Homer Barrons skeleton in the secret room which can be understood that Miss Emily was afraid that he would leave her and she decided to kill him because she was afraid of losing him.Another theme of the story is that not all things, people, and events are always what they appears to be, which was assoc iated and expressed many times throughout the story. The townspeople viewed Miss Emily as a strange old woman. Not until after her death when the work force opened the secret room and found the corpse of Homer Barron, did the citizens and the reader realized that Miss Emily had gone insane.

Administrative Discretion – Essay

Administrative discernment NAME SCHOOL Should public administrators be restricted to that laid down rules in the flake out of their duties as espoused by Max Weber or should they have some amount of airiness? To me that is a very open incredulity in regards to public administration and depending on the situation either administrators adjacent guidelines is best or administrators following their best discretion quite a little be the best for the situation at hand. So when answering this question I can go either way, situation and circumstances permitting.In this paper I will go into further detail to explain why both sides of this question are equally applicable. When situations arise and public administrators have to process decisions in regards to the public safety, environmental safety, or the safety of boththing in general it is important that they follow the laid down rules that their duties are bound by. Legal-rational potential is based on a belief in the legitimacy o f the pattern of normative rules and the rights of those elevated to authorization under such rules to issue commands (1). This can also be translated into follow the rules of society Everything has always worked founder if everyone and everything follows this bureaucratic rule of thumb. One situation where public administrators should have been held to follow the laid down rules in regards to their duties was the finalization of the DoD, or Department of Defenses budget. The ultimate work around was an extension to make a decision and funds were allocated for the mean time but potentially this could have been a study freeze on the majority of DoD operations to include the Army, Air Force, Marines, Navy, and Coast Guard.On the opposite hand, there is another option that makes sense. Public administrators, while following the laid down rules they are to follow, can be very effective when allowed varying amounts of discretion in their actions. Weber states that legal-rational auth ority is superior to any other form in precision, in stability, in stringency of its discipline, and in its reliability. It thus makes possible a limitedly high degree of calculability of results for the heads of organizations and for those acting in relation to it (1).Now taking that this type of bureaucracy that is followed works very well, in my career in the military I have learned that when particular situations arise, flexibility and speed is key. Thus in turn, public administrators are allowed that extra bit of flexibility reasonable like in the case study 5 Wichita Confronts Contamination. City Manager Chris Cherches used the flexibility he had managing the city and was able to save the city and state thousands if not millions of dollars that would be wasted if the EPA had been forced to oversee the citys cleanup operation.Cherches swift action, flexibility and determination in service to his city was detrimental to not only saving the cost that would have been brought to the city and state but his actions show how universe allowed the discretion in his position authenticly provided a better outcome than not. Ultimately, flexibility or discretion is the deciding factor when it comes to getting the validating result or outcome of any situation.When it comes down to it, it is the actual situation or circumstance that dictates what the best course of action is to be, whether it is to follow the rules down to the letter or to have the discretion to make the decisions that will ultimately be the deciding factor in the positive outcome. With the examples give, on one hand you have congress who cannot come to an agreement over the finalization of a budget for the arm of the government, the Department of Defense and luckily was able to extend the term of the budget firing up an allocated amount of funds.On the other was the City Manager of Wichita, Kansas who was able to save not only the city but the state countless amounts of money in a cleanup ope ration. So as you can see it is not a question of what is right, answer A all of the time or answer B all of the time, it is the question of which situation applies can you use answer A, answer B for the particular situation. In the real world, situation and circumstances dictate all actions and outcomes. References 1. Stillman, R. J. , II (2010). Public Administration, Concepts and Cases. Boston, MA Wadsworth

The Role of Education in My life

adjudicate 1 The role that informational activity plays in my life Education has been a key point in my life and it has opened me the doors to many different experiences. Thanks to education I have had the opportunity to strike what I indirect requested to do in my life and decide where I wanted to live. Education has addicted me more freedom to make decisions. Plato said that education should be mandatory for everyone because is the only way to devise a just society (The Republic).The author defended that education is the process that enables man to become aw are of the origination of some other(prenominal) reality (Allegory of the Cave). I agree with Plato that there is another reality. In my opinion there are many realities as there are many perspectives of the world. However, I think that knowledge is not large to discover the other realities and it is needed the experience to realize that there are more things behind our reality.In my opinion knowledge allows me to m ake my own decisions with freedom but I am able to understand the other realities through experience. Although philosophers insist that education is the process of learning different concepts and skills required to understand another reality, I will argue that experience has played a more important role in my education than the knowledge learned from others. In addition, I think that educations role should be helping the people to choose freely rather than developing a just society.In my opinion, education and freedom are two very correlated aspects. I dont understand education without freedom and vice versa. If I dont have the freedom to study what I want I will not be able to make my own decisions in the future. My academic punctuate started in Spain where I graduated from high school and I started studying Business Administration in college. The education that I received from school and family allowed me to decide that I wanted to study in another place

Alienation in the Music Industry

Even though it has been quite a long succession since Marx wrote about alienation, we bear still apply his ideas to contemporary jobs. As an international student and a semi-professional melodyian, I will compargon Marxs ideas to Turkish and global music sector and examine whether they still pertain. I have been producing music for 12 years now and since last year I pouched producing music that in truth makes me feel satisfied. Last year, my band mates and me started seeking a record deal so that we could start making money.We read articles on How to write a hit telephone call? , How to sell a song? and on the general trends in the music sector. We noticed that almost all popular songs follow a uniform pattern. 2012 statistics of album sales in Turkey clarifies that nearly every song in run 50 is produced with a techno music background. This emerging genre of dance music is produced by an unprecedented take aim of complex technologies involving computerized, electronic, hyb rid machines that replace the traditional musical instruments. We can observe the same statistics in a global scale. We can understand techno musics structure from digitally synthesized westerly chords and a digital drum kicks in every beat. In my opinion constant drum kicks in this music is a great metaphor for laborers who have to go to their workplaces and do the same assignments over and over again. Because of its basic, repetitive and computerized structure, it can be produced by anyone with a computer and adequate recording software.Alienation, in Karl Marxs words replaces take by machines scarcely throws a part of the workers back to barbaric labour and turns the other part into machines. It produces culture, but also imbecility and cretinism for the worker. Because of its complex structure and need for creativity, you cannot find any jazz songs in the best-seller list. In a globalized world we need to understand Marxs ability to foresee this capitalist trend. The need o f a constantly expanding market for its products chases the bourgeoisie over the whole surface of the globe.It must nestle everywhere, settle everywhere, order connections everywhere . This quote made me think about the country that earns the most money out of this sector, unite States of America. If we look at the Turkish music industry, it is obvious that songs that are most listened to are influenced by western musical traditions. Instead of creating music that has traditional Turkish elements or composing creative music, people pass to produce this global and mainstream genre just to make money.Another reason for this sort of production is that approximately 90 percent of the recording software that Turkish producers use, such as example Logic Pro and Cubase are made in USA. These software dont let you use microtonal notes and scales that Turkish music has. In order to produce a digital song, your composition should be in Western structure. The quote The outdoor(a) character of labour for the worker shows itself in the fact that it is not his own but someone elses, that does not belong to him(Ibid. ) pertains perfectly to this phenomenon.Lisiunia Romenienko wrote in his article that this transformation of IT and related technology has had a diametrical feat in music. For him Computer technology has actually unified fragmented communities involved in techno music production, increased the quality of manufactured goods available to produce techno music, and facilitated cooperation across artistic and technological community factions This has resulted in comprehensive collaboration arrangements and prolific works of music production, thus optimizing aesthetic potential and maximizing opportunities for military man creativity. In contrast to his opinions I think that this transformation creates alienation in music industry thus limiting creativity. This change causes musicians in developing countries to imitate mainstream artists in order to join the gl obal competition. flock evaluate success based on how much money one is making. In order to be a part of this competition, you have be successful, therefore musicians now create basic, pre-structured, mediocre music that affects a huge part of the society.By linking the modernistic capitalist society, specifically the Turkish music industry to Marxs thoughts on alienation, one can expose crucial elements of contemporary issues. His explanations on externalization of labour and alienation in the act of production can be used to describe how musicians are alienated in our modern society. It is clear to me that this trend of globalization and mass marketing limits creativity and individuality in music, resulting in mediocre, similar and low quality works, which are devoid of color and taste. Bibliography 1. Istatistikler. Muyap. N. p. , n. d. Web. Oct. 2012. . 2. Romanienko, Lisiunia 2001, Disputing Marxian Alienation and Hegelian Dialectics Through The Elective Affinities Of Techno symphony in No Walls Leicester, UK De Montfort University 2001 3. Billboard 200. Billboard. N. p. , n. d. Web. Oct. 2012. . 4. Kivisto, Peter. Alienated Labor. Social Theory Roots and Branches. New York Oxford UP, 2011. 6-9. Print. 5. Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. Chapter 1. Manifesto of the commie Party. Peking Foreign Languages, 1965. N. pag. Print.

The Pros and Cons of Modeling

It is undeniable that, stamp has become one of the most sought after rush options for many youngsters as it is one of the most thrilling and lucrative profession. The tremendous changes taking place in the fashion manufacture throw away forgetn a spurt of rise to the moulding jobs all e very(prenominal)place the institution. Especially in todays world where fashion industry is succeeding and had do modeling an attractive race. This modeling apprise be syllabusified into ramp modeling, television modeling and print modeling. As all of us knew, models are used to launch and promote a variety of scrapeed products or show a garment to its best advant shape up.For instance, the image in the picture shows that models are used to advertise the Guess brand which is an Americas clothing stock brand. Models are required to appear sexy and seductive to make the brand popular. whence it is proven that models had played huge role in the success of Guess brand as wellnessy as other brands. But moving closer, have ever wondered how a life of a model would be? To start off with, there are several advantages of being a model. Whereby, fame and fortune gage be gained easily.Especially, Models with pleasant personality and the right attitude or in other word, appealing able qualities ordain be very well known in a short period of meter in the modeling career. To explain further, ramp models clings the chance to work for famous de mansioners or for reputated fashion companies depart be known internationally. For example, Katrina Kaif a famous ex model and currently a Bollywood star started of her career as a model. Whereby she started modeling in the age of 14 in London by walk in the ramp with some top of the inning designers of the country.Since then, she is very successful and known worldwide for her appealing personality. In addition, if one signs with a reputable agency, he or she can make a good income. unremarkably a model is paid well if the first shoot succeeds. as well as wearing fabulous designers clothes, dress and accessories for free they tend to live a luxurious life . For example, they tend to buy fancy cars, pricey clothes and mansions. This can be proven by the worlds richest model Gisele Bundchen that earns 33 cardinal in a year, followed by Kate moss 9 million and Heidi Clum 8 million.For instance, Gisele Budchen currently stays in her mansion that is 20 million dollar. Undoubtedly, modeling a glamorous field in addition offers tremendous opportunities to travel and meet various class of raft as it a part of their job. Models will get the opportunity to stay in alien locations and correct live abroad. They also get to shoot in beautiful locations in exotic places want Africa desserts, the North Pole, Australia and around the globe.They will also be placed with other models for several weeks, months or even as wide as a year. which in conclusion increase their sociality level and get to know people from all walks of life. Basically,their assignments provide a diverse social life and opportunity to meet others from around the world. It is also believed that through modeling, one could gain and boost confidence . To explain further, even models themselves have admitted that seeing unblemished photos of them within the covers of a magazine is an incredible experience. By modeling, ones glamour aspect also tends to increase particularly when there is professional shoot.Moreover, they will have to communicate and cooperate with photographers, art director and crew during shoots that eventually increases their self esteem. To prove, one of the top model in the world, Miranda Ker has become famous when she started of her career in the age of 13 for lingeries. Since then her confidence boost. In other word, she was more confident in modeling for lingeries that made her famous. She was also paid well for her standard body shape with sexy body measurement and glorious face structure. Howe ver, there also a lot of negatives associated with this profession.Firstly, there are many model line agencies that take every cent of you. They fair(a) prey on the dreams of young girls in order to be rich and victims left with nonhing. Worst still when porn agencies present themselves as legitimate modeling headache. They sign girls up and then slowly brainwash them into thinking they have to be sexy to make it. everyplace time they use peer extort to convince the girls that nudity is a part of the business and that this is the indulgent way to make lots of money. Of course there is nothing easy about a life problematic with porn. Not to mention, porn is not modeling.With this model loses their dignity for the sake of money. There are also lofty chances of involving in unwanted relationship and lead to pre-marriage pregnancy. Especially, young models will abort and involve in scandals. outcast tapes are often released without consent of their subject and could potentially damage careers. For instance, the latest issues faced by the top model of world, Adriana Lima. Her sex tapes were widely spread. Some even mentioned that this occurred without her consent. Another dark billet of modeling business is the rampant drug use.Models are given and have free access to all manner of extramarital substances. Sometimes these are used to keep weight off. Sometimes they are used to stay alert and alert for shoots or shows that occur at all times of the day and night. Sometimes it is the social pressure to party and fit in that causes young models to try these damaging narcotics. The official party line from the industry is that this kind of behavior is not tolerated. However, models who are currently working within this business consistently articulate a different story. Most crucial thing, eventhough a models health condition is bad, there is no health coverage.For example the famous, British supermodel Kate Moss consumed alcohol and was a drug addict (coca ine addiction) and often checks into rehabilitation centers. Due to this revelation it had ruined all the reputation that she has earned all this while. Even when she was in critical condition, her modeling follow didnt pay the medical expenses. Moreover, models will undergo emotional and physical pressures to maintain certain body types. In some critical conditions it can lead to anorexia. Most of the models are always obsessed with weight and very concern with their daily diets.As we knew, models are literally skinny and their bodies fading away to nothing. And it is not just the perception of the models only when also the industry as a whole, which encourages destructive behavior. The problem is only the models get hurt and is suffering from huge amount of stress while some even dies in the fix of thin. Recently, however, countries and organizations around the globe have started to take steps to change this attitude and actually inhibition the use of paper thin models. For e xample, Ana Carolina Reston a Brazilian model, who was 172cm tall and only weighed 40kg starved herself to death in 2006.She starved herself this much as she was one step nearer to her dream of becoming a supermodel. However,on 14 November last year she finally crossed over from being a successful catwalk model to appearing on the cover of every magazine and newspaper in Brazil, and making headlines around the globe. Not for her modeling, but for her agonizing death, due to anorexia. Besides all this, models will also feel pressured when they are forced to give certain poses with different gender together which will create uneasiness or comfortless. Especially, if the photographer prefers a nude poss.This would extremely be a challenge. It is also shown in the image provided that, both models are amiable . But how sure are we that in reality they are in that way? The female mogul go through some pressure in holding the males hand and seeing him half nude. Besides all this, models also face constant criticism and rejection when they attend fittings and this often requires a lot of staying power and patience. Tough competition throughout the career is also another difficulties faced in modeling field. Models will loss the freedom and have to continuously work heavy(p) to meet the demands of market.As all of us knew, modeling is an extremely competitive and ruthless business. You will need a thick skin and internal assurance that these negatives are not personal, but rather just the nature of the business. The phase you will have to go through to get to the top can be rather demanding but certainly not unachievable. You must expect to work hard and put in the time and effort both physically and mentally to achieve your goals. The rewards of reaching these goals far outweigh the struggle of reaching them. In short it can be said that modeling is highly competitive and short lived career or even a model is too old at the age of 24.In brief, Modeling can certai nly be a rewarding experience in many ways. As long as you avoid the darker side to this profession and insist on putting your personal values first (before profit) then you can savour quite an interesting career path. It is a job where the hard work pays. Models should have the patience for long hours of work, jet lag, heavy makeup, weird haircuts and standing forever in awkward poses. In this field, its really hard to make a living as there is only a handful of supermodels in the world who make good living off what they do.

Nacl on Peroxidase Activity

NaCl Effects on Peroxidase Activity My investigate was to see if adding NaCl to solution would have any effects on peroxidase activity. The materials that were used in this experiment were pH 7 buffer(DI water), peroxidase, NaCl, guaiacol and hydrogen peroxide added in that order. Blanks were created for each NaCl concentration, 0%, 5%, 7. 5% and 10%. Each cuvette had . 5ml of pH 7 buffer, 1ml of peroxidase, . 02ml guaiacol for the experimental cuvettes and 0ml of guaiacol for the blank cuvettes, . 2ml of hydrogen peroxide and . ml of variant concentrated NaCl in each cuvette. When it came to recording data for my experiment, I placed the cuvette in the spectrometer, which was set to 500nm, later on adding the guaiacol and hydrogen peroxide right before. I recorded the absorbance every 15 seconds for 3 minutes. I ran the experiment twice for precision and got the average of the two tests. I then entered the data into JMP and made two graphs wholeness to see the relationship betwe en the concentration of NaCl and activity and the other to see how salt affect enzyme activity.The freshman graph only required the time and the mean absorbance. To make the second graph, I had to find magazine X, the time where reaction starts to slow down, which in my case was 90 seconds. The axes for the graph were Time X as the y-axis and NaCl concentrations as the x-axis. The graphs showed me that there is a relationship between NaCl concentrations and peroxidase activity. More the concentration of NaCl, the faster the reaction occurs.

China in Its Role as a Donor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

China in Its Role as a bestower - Essay ExampleHowever, in the recent two-three years, emerging economies give care China, India, Brazil, Kuwait, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia and Korea have started paying strong roles as international donors. These emerging countries have started changing the scenario of world developing assistance by encouraging a shift in the sources of global aid and donations from the DAC countries to the non DAC countries. In the last decade, the roe of China as a global donor has been highly visible, especially because of the increasing magnitude of its contributions and the differentiated manner in which the country donates for the foreign aid purposes. This report is prepared with the aim of discussing the role of China as a donor in the global development assistance domain and also to appraise the ways in which China has brought in new dimensions in the global aid and development programs in this century. In the birth era, the donations for global developme nt governance are characterized by equal impacts and contributions from both the DAC and non DAC donors (Zimmermann and Smith, 2011). The new geographical areas like Middle East and Asia pacific have started developing as significant donors in this domain. The donors operating for the development of the global governance can be categorized in two main voices. The first section is the traditional section of donors which include the members of the OECD countries which are commonly called the DAC countries and operate under the Development Assistance perpetration (DAC) which has been established within the OEC exclusively for the purpose of assistance. The other section of donors encompasses the emerging donor economies in the Asia peaceable and Middle Eastern regions of the world (Woods, 2008).

Prolific effects of civil war on medicine Research Paper

Prolific effects of civil war on medicine - Research Paper vitrinePeriod prior to warDuring the time prior to the civil war, medical personnels stock minimal training. Even those doctors who had attended medical institutions were poorly trained. This is because in America, medical students received only deuce years or less of training, gained no clinical or laboratory training start collect to lack of instructions. When civil war began in 1861, the regular army had only 98 medical doctors, and Confederacy had 24. The army recruits received only physical examination giving room for soldiers to enter the federal army summer camp with physical defects and chronic illnesses that would affect their performance at the battlefield as soldiers. The newly recruited soldiers were sent to double camp to gain skills and learn how to become soldiers. The offset challenge they faced was disease even kempt soldiers were affected by illnesses that easily spread due to large concentration of concourse in the camp. In addition, the spread of these diseases was aided by poor diet of soldiers and unsanitary conditions in the camps which led to many people succumb to diseases such dysentery and diarrhea. According to statistics given by Shryock on his website (1962), they represent the real and grave statistics of deaths and wounds incurred by the soldiers in the Civil War and how medical doctors dealt with these numbers. During the battle of Gettysburg, the Union medical corps was armed with 1,000 ambulances, 650 officers, and 3,000 drivers alone within 3 days, 21,000 soldiers were wounded. This left each surgeon with 900 patients that they were individually responsible for. According to Shryock report on its website (1962), these incredibly large numbers led to many amputations due to infections. This professional medical historian, one of the first of his kind, explores the fact that medical professionals of the 1860s did not have a good understanding of bacteria. Sinc e then, cumulative experience of those doctors led to the improvement of techniques in medicine. Shryock gives a reflection of how severe the wounds of the Civil War were and how medical professionals apply what they had available to treat them under great stress. This assisted