Release of Information in Mental Health and Development...

In the event of releasing any patient information it is important to make sure that all of your T’s are crossed and your I’s are dotted before the transaction is complete. However, because specialized patient records, such as Mental health or substance abuse cases, contain not only strictly medical information, but also therapeutic mental and emotional information, the release of this type of information could cause some damage to the patient (McWay, 2010, p. 227). This is why the release of information concerning this type of patient records is different from that of a patient record without delicate information in it. In a general medical record a patient is entitled to a copy of his or her record, the only thing they would have to do†¦show more content†¦According to HIPAA â€Å"the disclosure of PHI is prohibited, except when the patient has signed a release of information form that authorizes PHI to be released or disclosed to a specific party (Sheahan)†. With the release of information there are different rules that need to be followed in order to protect the patient’s privacy. With mental health information in a patient’s medical record, it makes the release of information more difficult and there are different rules that need to be followed in order to protect the patient’s privacy. â€Å"Patient-specific information recorded and communications made in the course of providing mental health or developmental disability services are considered confidential and may not be disclosed except as provided by law (McWay, 2010, p. 239)†. A patient’s medical record is property of the hospital or the facility that created the record. However, the information held in the record is the possessions of the patient, and a copy of the record (with a mental health or development disability case) can be released to the patient as long as he/she is twelve years old. Also a patient who is twelve years old has the power to consent to release information to a third party. The release of a health record, with a mental health or development disability issue, can be permitted to the patient’s legal guardian without the consent of the patient, if the patient is under the age of twelve years old. However, if aShow MoreRelatedWhy The State Auditor s Office Is Responsible For Evaluating The Administration And Management Of Public Funds1060 Words   |  5 Pageschild care, physical disabilities, mental health problems, limited transportation and low literacy. Child Care Low-income families normally include children, partly because of younger family heads. Statically lower-income families include more children on average than higher-income families. Therefore, lower-income families commonly face costly child care (Kimmel, 2001). Physical Disability / Mental Health Problems Mental health and physical health are connected. Mental health effects a person’sRead MoreWhy I Chose to Become a Mental Health Counselor Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesWhy I chose to become a mental health counselor Counseling others is a difficult job that requires people to listen, take notes, and respond in ways that are positive and helpful. It is important that trust be built between the counselor and the patient so that the patient will feel comfortable speaking about issues that are private or embarrassing. There are many different types of counselors including drug counselors; marriage counselors, grief counselors, job counselors, diet and exercise counselorsRead MoreChild Adolescent Population And Developmentally Impaired Persons Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pagesrestraints and reduction methods. 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In most autism cases, children do developRead MoreThe Connection Between Psychotropic Drugs And Criminal Justice5455 Words   |  22 Pagesshooting over the last 20 years has one thing in common?. And it is not guns, Adams discovered over the last 20 years, mass shootings suicide and in isolated shootings the one thing that has been found in the majority of the cases the perpetrator is that they suffer from a mental illness and are taking some form of that Selective Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors (SSRI?s) medications. The government, media and also big pharmaceutical companies (BIG PHARM) are aware of the link and consistently sweep theRead MoreEvaluation Of A Medical Case Manager2372 Words   |  10 Pages I received a promotion as a Medical Case Manage r, for the Ryan White-Early Intervention Services Program at the Community Health Center. The Ryan White program helps individuals receive comprehensive primary HIV medical care and other support services. 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CoreRead MoreAccess Of Mental Health Resources2519 Words   |  11 PagesAccess to Mental Health Resources in Developing Nations Introduction Mental health is a term used to describe a person’s psychological state in regards to their emotional and behavioural performance. Those considered with good mental health are thus satisfactory in their psychological state and are able to function normally without any emotional or behavioural barriers. Likewise, those with poor mental health or those diagnosed with other mental illnesses and disorders are at an unsatisfactory stateRead MoreExamining The Concepts Of Neuroscience And Psychopathology1863 Words   |  8 PagesDepression is a mental state where an individual endures to feel unhappy most of the time or nearly every day (World Health Organisation (WHO), 2015). As stated by the WHO (2015), mental disorders consist of an overabundance of problems, with different symptoms. However, the symptoms are normally considered as a mixture of feelings, having difficulties with bonding with people, uncharacteristic interpretations, and actions (WHO, 2015). For example, as specif ied in Katy’s scenario, some of her presentingRead MoreThe Effects Of Incarceration On The Social Of African American Juveniles1487 Words   |  6 Pagesdetention. The programs outcome obtained higher literacy scores and greater likeness for reading. This program recognized the learning disabilities of juveniles in the detention center, and designed a program to address those disabilities, which is an approach all juvenile detention centers should take (Foster, Williamson, and Buchannon, 2004). Psychological disabilities are very common in detention centers and suicide rates for incarcerated youth are two to four times higher than in the community at

Does Gangsta Rap Harm Black Americans - 861 Words

Does Gangsta Rap harm Black Americans? Gangsta rap is a form of music that is enjoyed by everyone and there should be no stereotypes attached to it. It has been debated if Gangsta Rap harms Black Americans; it is a heavily criticized art form since its inception. The Encyclopedia Britannica defines â€Å"Gangsta rap: a form of hip-hop music that became the genre’s dominant style in the 1990s, a reflection and product of the often violent lifestyle of American inner cities afflicted with poverty and the dangers of drug use and drug dealing. The romanticization of the outlaw at the center of much of gangsta rap appealed to rebellious suburbanites as well as to those who had firsthand experience of the harsh realities of the ghetto. â€Å" We all know that Hip Hop’s audience has expanded past our inner city youths. Hip Hop concerts are a melting pot of races, cultures and ethnicities enjoying music. â€Å"Hip-hop is as popular among youth in Europe as it is in many parts of the world and has had an active if relatively small underground scene since the early 1980s.† writes Miles White, who is a former staff writer for USA Today and author of a critical social-historical study of hip hop culture. â€Å"In 2007, I attended a concert by 50 Cent in the Czech Republic capital of Prague that had been heavily advertised for several weeks with a darkened, grimacing image of the Queens, New York, rapper on large posters throughout the city. I was admittedly more curious to see who buys enough tickets to aShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers Of Blaxploitation Films Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesmovies in American society were at an all time high in the 1970’s. They gained popularity during and after the civil rights movement due to the influence African Americans were having on society. The movie Coffy, directed by Jack Hill and release in 1973, is a great example of how Blaxploitation movies reinforced the stereotypes that already exist about black men and women. Young African American f ilmmakers, made lots of these types of movies in order to appeal to the young African American crowd. Read MoreMusic and Race Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagesspecific issues. For instance, when talking about historical period they focus more on messages that are important to black communities such as freedom from racism, sexism and discrimination for example RB conveyed a fight for freedom and stereotypes. On the other hand, recent genres such as Hip Hop do not portray a message, or if they do portray a message, the messages do not represent black culture as a whole. The blues is a music genre that laments inequality, while expressing sensitive distress forRead MoreRap Music And Its Effects On Society1860 Words   |  8 PagesWho some call the call the godfather of rap, Eazy E, once said, â€Å"Who gave it that title, gangsta rap? It s reality rap. It s about what s really going on.† There has been a great injustice done to the form of expression called rap. In essence rap is just lyrics over a basic beat or rhythm. Many members of society today assume that rap is a dangerous and violent influence, however what they seem to be ignorant of is the fact that rap music is actually beneficial. The majority of the world we liveRead MoreEffects of Rap Music on Crime14002 Words   |  57 Pagesto Rap: Cultures of Crime, Cultures of Resistance Julian Tanner, University of Toronto Mark Asbridge, Dalhousie University Scot Wortley, University of Toronto This research compares representations of rap music with the self-reported criminal behavior and resistant attitudes of the music’s core audience. Our database is a large sample of Toronto high school students (n = 3,393) from which we identify a group of listeners, whose combination of musical likes and dislikes distinguish them as rap univoresRead MoreRap Music And Its Effects On Its Audience1813 Words   |  8 PagesRap music began in the 1970s in Bronx, New York. It started as an unknown type of music, but with its commercialization, rap music has turned into a multi-billion dollar industry that influences many people around the world today. When rap first began, it had â€Å"sociopolitical messages that had been absent in other forms of music† (Edwards-Stewart). For instance, artists, such as Run DMC and Public Enemy, rapped about the trial and tribulations of African Americans who lived in American inner citiesRead MorePolice Corruption9501 Words   |  39 Page sView Into the Definition, Cause, Harm Randy Botelho BSLS Capstone, LS498-01 – Unit 9 Professor Odim December 17, 2011 Thesis Statement Corruption in law enforcement is not victimless and creates a negative perception of the United States legal system. Introduction There are few professions in the United States that are entrusted with protecting society’s safety and system of laws that have been established throughout the course of American history. One of those professions

Types of Abuse/Signs Symptoms Free Essays

Types of Abuse/Signs Symptoms ‘No Secrets’ identifies categories of abuse. They are: Physical Abuse Abusive Action Signs Symptoms Hitting. Slapping. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Abuse/Signs Symptoms or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pushing. Kicking. Misuse of medication. Restraint. Inappropriate sanctions. Series of unexplained falls or major injuries. Injuries/bruises at different stages of healing. Bruising in unusual sites e. g. inner arms, thighs. Abrasions. Teeth indentations. Injuries to head or face. Client very passive. Sexual Abuse Abusive Action Signs Symptoms Including rape and sexual assault or sexual acts to which the vulnerable adult has not consented, or could consent, or was pressured into onsenting. Change in behaviour. Overt sexual behaviour or language. Difficulty in walking, sitting. Injuries to genital and/or anal area. Neglect Abusive Action Signs Symptoms Includes acts of omission. Ignoring physical or medical care needs. Failure to provide access to appropriate health, social care or educational services. Withholding necessities of life e. g. medications, nutrition, heating. Absence of food, heat, hygiene, clothing, comfort. Preventing client to have access to services. Isolation. Abs ence of prescribed medication. Psychological Abuse Abusive Action Signs Symptoms Emotional abuse. Threats of harm or bandonment. Deprivation of contact. Humiliation, blaming, controlling, intimidation, coercion, harassment, verbal abuse, isolation or withdrawal from services or supportive networks. Withdrawal, depression. Cowering and fearfulness. Change in sleep patterns. Agitation, confusion, change in behaviour. Change in appetite/weight. Financial Abuse Abuse Action Signs Symptoms Theft, fraud, exploitation. Pressure in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions. Misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits. Unpaid bills. Basic needs not being met. lack of cash on day to day basis. InstitutionalAbuse Abusive Action Signs Symptoms Poor care standards, lack of positive responses to complex needs. Rigid routines. Inadequate staffing. Insufficient knowledge base within service. Inability to make choices or decisions. Agitation if routine broken. Disorientation. Patterns of challenging behaviour- Discriminatory Abusive Action Signs Symptoms Racist, sexist, or that based on a person’s disability. Other forms of harassment, slurs or similar treatment. Failure of agencies to ensure that staff receive adequate anti-discrimination practice training. Low self esteem. Withdrawal. Depression. Fear. Anger. Risk Indicators How to cite Types of Abuse/Signs Symptoms, Papers

That the house of parlies is dangerous Essay Example For Students

That the house of parlies is dangerous Essay I saw lately, that those of Musidan, a place not farre from mee, who with others of their partie were by our forces compelled to dislodge thence, exclaimed, they were betraid, because during the speech of accord, and the treatie yet continuing, they had beene surprized and defeated; which thing might haply other ages have had some apparence of truth; but, I say, our manner of proceeding in such cases, is altogether differing from these rules, and no man ought to expect performance of promise from an enemie, except the last seale of bond be fully annexed thereunto, wherein notwithstanding is then much care and vigilancie required, and much adoe shall be found. And it was ever a dangerous counsell to trust the performance of word or oath given unto a Citie, that yeelds unto gentle and favourable composition, and in that furie to give the needie, bloudthirstie, and prey-greed Souldier free entrance into it, unto the free choise and licence of a victorious armie. Lucius Emilius Regulus a Romane Proctor, having lost his time in attempting by force to take the Citie of the Phocens by reason of the singular prowesse, which the inhabitants shewed, in stoutly defending themselves, covenanted to receive them as friends unto the people of Rome, and to enter their Citie as a place confederate, removing all feare of hostile-action from them. But to the end hee might apeare more glorious and dreadfull, having caused his armie to enter with him, doe what he might, be could not bridle the rage of his Souldiers; and with his owne eies saw most part of the Citie ransacked and spoiled: the rights of covetousnesse and revenge supplanting those of his authoritie and militarie discipline. Cleomenes was wont to say, that What hurt soever a man might doe his enemies in time of warre, was beyond justice, and not subject unto it, as well towards the Gods as towards men: who for seven dayes having made truce with those of Argos, the third night, whilest they were all asleepe mistrusting no harme, hee charged and overthrew them, aleaging for his excuse, that in the truce no mention had beene made of nights. But the Gods left not his perfidious policie unrevenged: For during their enter-parlie and businesse about taking hostages, the Citie of Casilinum was by surprise taken from him: which happened in the times of the justest Captaines, and of the most perfect Romane discipline: For it is not said, that time and place serving, wee must not make use and take advantage of our enemies foolish oversight, as we doe of their cowardise. And verily warre hath naturally many reasonable privileges to the prejudice of reason. And here failes the rule; Neminem id agere, ut ex alterius prÃÆ'Â ¦detur inscitia: That no man should endeavour to prey upon another mans ignorance. But I wonder of the scope that Xenophon allowes them, both by his discourse, and by divers exploits of his perfect Emperour: an Author of wonderfull consequence in such things, as a great Captaine and a Philosopher, and one of Socrates chiefest Disciples, nor doe I altogether yeeld unto the measure of his dispensation. The Lord of Aubigny besieging Capua, after he had given it a furious batterie, the Lord Fabritius Colonna, Captaine of the towne, having from under a bastion or skonce begunne to parlie, and his men growing negligent and carelesse in their offices and guard, our men did suddenly take the advantage offered them, entered the towne, over-ranne it, and put all to the sword. But to come to later examples, yea in our memorie, the Lord Iulio Romero at Yvoy, having committed this oversight to issue out of his holde, to parlie with the Constable of France, at his returne found the Towne taken, and himselfe jack-out- of-doores. .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537 , .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537 .postImageUrl , .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537 , .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537:hover , .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537:visited , .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537:active { border:0!important; } .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537:active , .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537 .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uac61d4042baf50e2ee7528fb44c5b537:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Malcolm X Essay PaperBut that wee may not pass out unrevenged, the Marques of Pescara beleagering Genova, where the Duke Octavian Fregoso commanded under our protection, and an accord between them having so long been treated, and earnestly solicited, that it was held as ratified, and upon the point of conclusion, the Spaniards being entred the Towne, and seeing themselves the stronger, tooke their opportunitie and used it as a full and compleate victorie: and since at Lygny in Baroe, where the Earle of Brienne commanded, the Emperour having besieged him in person, and Bartholemy Lieutenant to the saide Earle, being come foorth of his hold to parlie, was no sooner out, whil est they were disputing, but the Towne was surprised, and he excluded, They say, Fu il vincer sempre mai laudabil cosa, Vincasi o per fortuna o per ingegno. ARIST. cant. xv. stan. 1. To be victorious, evermore was glorious, Be we by fortune or by wit victorious. But the Philosopher Chrsippus would not have beene of that opinion; nor I neither, for be was wont to say, That those who run for the masterie may well employ all their strength to make speed, but it is not lawfull for them to lay hands on their adversaries, to stay him, or to crosse legges, to make him trip or fall. And more generously answered Alexander the Great, at what time Polypercon perswaded him to use the benefit of the advantage which the darknesse of the night afforded him, to charge Darius. No, no, said hee, it fits not mee to hunt after night-stolne victories; mato me fortunÃÆ'Â ¦ pÃÆ'Â ¦niteat, quam tictoriÃÆ'Â ¦ pudeat. CURT. 1. iv. I had rather repent me of my fortune, than be ashamed of my victorie. Atque idem fugientem haud est dignatus Orodem Sternere, nec jacta cÃÆ'Â ¦cum dare cuspide vulnus: Obvius adversoque occurrit, seque viro vir Contulit, haud furto melior, sed fortibus armis. VIRG. ÃÆ'Â ¦n. 1. x. 732. He deignd not to strike downe Orodes flying, Or with his throwne-launce blindely-wound him running: But man to man afront himselfe applying, Met him, as more esteemd for strength than cunning.

A Beginners Guide to WordPress Troubleshooting

If youre reading this, youre likely  a big WordPress fan – and its easy to see why. The Content Management System (CMS) is powerful and feature-packed, but its not without its foibles. While the platform is normally rock solid, running into a bug or error is inevitable given its  complexity and flexibility. Learning the basics of WordPress troubleshooting, therefore, is vital.By learning how to fix some of WordPress most common errors, youll be able to tackle any bugs that you run into without calling for  assistance. Its the kind of skill that can save you a lot of headaches down the line.In this article, well explore three of the platforms most common errors, before  diving into the basics of WordPress troubleshooting. Lets get started!The 3 most common WordPress errorsWordPress errors come in many shapes and sizes such as  the maintenance mode bug, or the connection timed out message. However, to cover them all would take an eternity, so lets focus on the three mo st common suspects youll come across.1. 404 or page not found errors404 errors are the most common and easily fixed of the bunch. They appear  when someone browses  for a URL that cannot be found on your site, and there are many reasons for it to occur – broken links, or typos in the address for example. Finding and fixing broken links takes seconds –  but you need to locate them first, and also  consider the security issues that arise for both you and your visitors.For an in-depth look at how to fix 404 errors, check out our previous guide for more information.2. The White Screen of Death (WSoD)This dramatically-named WordPress bug also happens to be one of the most annoying ones out there. If your website suddenly begins to display a white screen, youve been hit.The WSoD  is often caused by auto upgrade problems, maintenance mode errors, or compatibility woes with plugins and themes. All these potential causes make it somewhat of a nightmare to troubleshoot – especially as  you receive no clue as to the cause.As with 404 errors, weve tacked the WSoD before – our  How to Fix the White Screen of Death in WordPress  piece offers  a step-by-step guide to fixing it.3. Internal server errorsIn contrast to the WSoD, internal server errors are easily identifiable – when it occurs, youll be greeted by a gigantic Internal server error  message, so theres no mistaking it.The real problem comes at the troubleshooting stage, since there are a wide number of factors that can cause internal server errors. Fortunately, weve previously put together  a thorough guide on the subject – you can thank us later!How to troubleshoot common WordPress errorsBefore we get our hands dirty with some WordPress troubleshooting, its important that you read up on how to backup your site  first. In fact, you should  always  backup your site before tinkering with your WordPress install in case the worst happens – you could potentially lose your entire site.Far and away, plugin and theme incompatibilities are the main causes of errors, and they should be your first stop when WordPress troubleshooting. However, there are other aspects that can affect your install, including memory limits  and  broken core files.You can carry out any of the steps below using your web hosts file manager, but we recommend using a File Transfer Protocol (FTP)  client such as FileZilla. Once youre up to speed, lets  begin troubleshooting!1. Disable your plugins via FTPFirstly, open your FTP client and log into your site using the credentials you received from your web host at signup. Then, navigate to  public_html wp-content.  Youll find a number of folders inside:Right-click on the  plugins  folder, select the Rename option, and change it to anything you like. We recommend choosing a related name so that you dont confuse the folder later on:This simple action will disable every plugin on your WordPres s site. Next,  navigate to your website to see if the error you experienced persists. If so, we can discard plugin compatibility errors as the source of the problem. On the other hand, if the error disappeared, we need to find out exactly which plugin is causing it.Change the  name of the plugins folder back to its original one, then open it – inside youll find a folder for each of your plugins. To find the offending one, simply rename each  plugin folder as above, and check if the error persists. If it disappears, youll know which plugin was causing it. At this point, youll either need to contact the developer for a fix, and maybe even find an alternative.2. Disable your themes via FTPIf disabling your plugins didnt solve the issue, well need to carry out a similar  troubleshooting procedure with your  themes. Back in your FTP client, locate and enter the  themes folder inside wp-content:Instead of disabling themes in a random order as we did with your plugins, t he  first stop here should be your active theme. Change the folders  name to disable it, then check if the error persists. If it does, repeat the process for each theme in the folder until you find the culprit. As with plugins, youll want to contact the developer for a fix – but given  its major role in the design of your site, youll definitely want to find an alternative.If neither disabling plugins nor themes works, we almost have to throw in the towel. However, we can glean some valuable insight by enabling error logs.3. Enable error logsError logs enable your WordPress install to save a record of each time your site experiences an issue,  and theyre incredibly helpful from a troubleshooting perspective.To enable error logs, navigate to  public_html in your FTP client, find the wp-config.php file, right-click on it, then  choose the Edit function. Next,  add the following three lines to the end of the file using your favorite text editor:define( 'WP_DEBUG', t rue ); define( 'WP_DEBUG_DISPLAY', false  ); define( 'WP_DEBUG_LOG', true );Save your changes, then reload your site to replicate the error. A log of it should appear within the new debug.log file located in wp-content. You can access the file using a text editor, and use the information to either Google your predicament, or find a  local expert to carry out some WordPress troubleshooting on your behalf.ConclusionLearning the basics of WordPress troubleshooting wont just come in handy while fixing errors  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ itll also help you get to know the platforms  inner workings. That means even if you run into errors (including those  we didnt get the chance to cover here), youll know how to identify and rectify the problem.Next time you run into a WordPress error that befuddles you, remember to:Back up your site before taking any drastic measures.Manually disable your plugins and themes via FTP to rule out compatibility errors.Enable WordPress error logs to check for additional clues.If the above doesnt work, try contactin g a WordPress expert.Have you ever carried out  some WordPress troubleshooting, and how did you fare? Tell us more in the comments section below!

The eNotes Blog 8 Quotes to Get You Back Into SherlockHolmes

8 Quotes to Get You Back Into SherlockHolmes Sir Arthur Conan Doyles short stories and novellas featuring Sherlock Holmes became enduring classics of the mystery and detective genre. In honor of Doyles classic stories, weve gathered some of our favorite quotes from an array of different Sherlock Holmes stories.   â€Å"I have heard, Mr. Holmes, that you can see deeply into the manifold wickedness of the human heart.† ― â€Å"The Adventure of the Speckled Band† â€Å"What one man can invent another can discover.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¢ â€Å"The Adventure of the Dancing Men† â€Å"The weak man becomes strong when he has nothing, for then only can he feel the wild, mad thrill of despair.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¢ â€Å"The White Company† â€Å"The world is full of obvious things which nobody by any chance ever observes.† ―  The Hound of the Baskervilles â€Å"My life is spent in one long effort to escape from the commonplaces of existence. These little problems help me to do so.† ― â€Å"The Red Headed League† â€Å"Work is the best antidote to sorrow, my dear Watson.† ― â€Å"The Adventure of the Empty House† â€Å"You see, but you do not observe.† ― A Scandal in Bohemia â€Å"How small we feel with our petty ambitions and strivings in the presence of the great elemental forces of Nature!† ―  The Sign of Four Do you have any other beloved Sherlock Holmes quotes? Share them in the comments below!

Personal Finance Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Finance Concepts - Essay Example As the report declares a single liability limit on the other hand would not subdivide the coverage that may be claimed in this manner. It will merely specify a total amount that may be claimed towards all the various categories of damages that may occur, including both bodily damage and property damage. The insured amount can be applied towards any category of expense, however the insurer will not pay for a total amount more than that specified. This paper discusses that the amount of personal liability coverage on my policy is not adequate to protect all assets and future income. This is only a token amount that has been allotted since PIP is no longer considered mandatory in most states. It will cover only a few of the incidental expenses that are liable to arise out of an accident. Also, my car is seven years old, yet collision or property damage coverage is required, although the insurance companies pay for damages according to the book value of the car. The amount of deductible will determine the premium and every time a claim is made, the premium increases, so it is worth considering a higher deductible in order to avoid claims. In the case of an older car, it may be less worthwhile paying higher premiums that are good to protect against damages to a brand new car but not in the case of a car that is over seven years old, as in this case. Uninsured motorists coverage is mandatory in most states that require auto liabil ity insurance, in order to allow for expenses that an auto owner may incur through the fault of an uninsured motorist.

The internationalization of a multinational enterprise of your choice Essay

The internationalization of a multinational enterprise of your choice from an emerging economy - Essay Example Samsung Group registered US $ 327 billion in revenues in 2013 and a net income of US $ 30.1 billion (Samsung Electronics, 2015). The multinational has regional subsidiaries that are based in Peru, Chile, Colombia and Argentina. The multinational is a global leader in semiconductor, mobile and display technologies and has leveraged on its research and development capabilities in order to provide innovative technologies and deliver customer value (Russell and Cohn 2012). The company’s vision 2020 is to ‘inspire the world, create the future’ through providing innovative technologies and developing new value across all core networks (Michell 2011). The research and development (R & D) consists of 42 global facilities that aim at setting new standards of excellence and forging new markets. Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), R & D centers, and division product development teams work together across markets such as US, UK, Russia, India, Israel, Japan and C hina in understanding the emerging customer needs and preferences (Michell 2011). The paper will discuss Samsung internationalization process of the consumer electronics division, South Korea as an emerging market and Samsung Electronics internalization process. The paper will outline the sequence of market entries, the speed of internationalisation, the market entry modes and targeted market niches using internationalisation theories. The paper will finally offer recommendations for future internationalisation. Emerging markets are characterised by rapid industrialisation, adoption of mixed economy of free markets. South Korea is the 15th largest economy measured by GDP, industrial output and services and the 12thlargest economy in terms of the purchasing power parity. The country has a nominal GDP of $ 1.449 trillion and an average GDP growth rate of 3 percent annually (Central Intelligence Agency 2014). The GDP per capita is $ 35, 485 and inflation has remained stable at below 2 percent.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS-SEEN EXAM Coursework

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS-SEEN EXAM - Coursework Example 2. By using or combining several time series of cross section observations, panel data provide â€Å"more informative data, more variability, less collinearity among variables, more degrees of freedom and efficiency† as per Baltagi’s discussion (1995, p. 3-6). 3. Panel data are able to study better the dynamics of change because the panel data technique is able to cover repeated cross section of observation across time. Thus, panel data is believed to more appropriate than either of the two methods (cross section and time series analysis) in the study of situations like successive waves of minimum wage increases across localities and local minimum wages and over time 4. Panel data can detect and measure effects better than what purely time series and cross-section data can do. 5. Panel data are able to study complicated behavioural models like economies of scale and technical change---better than what pure time series and pure cross-section analysis can do. For example, panel data can study the interaction of the variables involved over time, which cannot be done by pure time series data. 6. By covering more units over time, panel data can minimize the biases that may result as data are aggregated. In 1995, Baltagi pointed out that time series and cross-section studies were not controlling for heterogeneity and run the risk of obtaining biased results (p. 3). For example, Baltagi (1995, p. 3) cited for example that consumption of cigarettes is often modelled as a function of lagged consumption, price, and income but the specification of the same function can vary across countries, state, and time. Baltagi 1995, p. 4) added that panel data are able to control for location specific and time invariant variables while a time-series study or a cross-section study cannot at that time. As panel data can cover heterogeneity, Baltagi (1995, p. 4), not accounting for country heterogeneity can cause serious specification error. In addition, Baltagi (1995, p. 4) said that panel data are able to study the dynamics of adjustment. Meanwhile, Verbeek (2008, p. 655) said that the main advantage of panel data over either time series or cross-section analysis is that through panel data, economists are able to specify more complicated and realistic models than a single time series or cross-section data can do. (b) Explain the intuition behind the fixed effect model (FEM) and describe the least square dummy variable (LSDV) and the time demeaned approaches to estimating a FEM. [30 Marks] Verbeek (2008, p. 359) defined the fixed effects model as simply a regression model in which the intercept terms vary over the individual units. Gujarati (2004, p. 642) pointed out that the main intuition behind the fixed effect model or FEM is that although the intercept may differ across individual elements, each specific intercept does not change over time or is time invariant. The methods for estimating the fixed effects model (FEM) are the least square dummy variable (LSDV) and the time demeaned approaches towards estimating the FEM. In the LSDV method, the main instruments for capturing the fixed effects are dummy variables. The time demeaned variable approach to FEM modelling, reconstruct the basic model yit = ? + ?xit + uit as departures of a variable from its mean over time or yit - i ?(xit - i ) + ( uit - )i) where the values with bars denote the time mean of the said variable (Brooks

Impact of International Regimes on Nature of States

Impact of International Regimes on Nature of States To what extent can international regimes change the nature of states’ interactions and provide a solution to intra-state wars? Abstract In this essay, I am arguing that the international regimes can cause a limited change to the nature of the states because of the state sovereignty and legitimacy. However, it is hard to distinguish the limit of the change of the traditional state by the influence of the international regimes. For example if a country wants to become a member of European Union or Schengen agreement has to meets the requirements of the organization. Usually if the country is not meeting the requirement, the organization is giving a deadline to the country to do some reforms and developments in the governance. The limit of the organization is that the state can decide to not follow their rules and simply to not become a member. According to Krasner’s definition, â€Å"regime is more than set of rules presupposed a high level of institutionalization† (Saideman, S. and Zahar, Marie-Joelle, (2008) Intra-state Conflict, Governments and Security; Routledge). International regimes are globalized and interconnected. The international organizations are challenging the state sovereignty and have an impact on it in realms as security, economy, environment and culture. International organizations can be a solution for intra-state wars. Other solutions can be self-help, democratization, guarantor, the use of military forces to decrease the violence, elites, reducing all types of inequality etc. Introduction Globalization as a feature of international regimes is challenging the traditional governance and it is weakening it process. Countries are depending on each other and every little change in a particular country may lead to a worldwide transformation because of increasing globalization and high interconnectedness. The International regimes have effect on the policy decision-making and are monitoring the policy implementation. Each political theory has a different view about the effect of the international regimes. The Civil society concept and the international organizations such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and non-profitable organizations (NPOs) are advocating human rights, explaining to people why voting is important and giving them more clear vision of the world. The international regimes regulate the world beyond state borders. The regimes can change the state sovereignty through international organization‘s rules; can have influence to the state by civil socie ty, NGOs, pressure groups etc. but cannot take decisions instead of the state governance or to run the policy-making process. If a state is a member of a certain organization (UN, NATO, EU etc.) the state has to face the participation requirements and to follow the rules of the organization. Each member has the same rights; equality in voting, rights to speak up, benefits etc. there is no separatism between the states (small, big, poor, rich countries). The state sovereignty cannot be changed, because there is no one that can take decisions but the governance. No one can forcibly make the government to reform the policy or do any other reformation (political, social, economy, environmental etc.). If the state disagrees to follow the rules of the organization it cannot become its member, but it’s a state decision to become or not a member of a certain organization. The role of United Nations Founded after the World War à Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬  , The United Nations purpose is to prevent wars and to create a safe environment for the people. The main UN aims are world peace, minimizing poverty, human rights, freedom and solving environmental issues. Shortly, the UN has an impact on political, economic and environmental realms. Members of the UN have a sovereign equality and the right to vote whether is rich, poor, small or big country. All members must support, help the UN and follow the rules. One of the rules is to avoid using force, to keep a peaceful environment and to solve the differences through dialogs or other peaceful methods. The role of one of the principles organs the UN Security Council is to keep the world peace and to solve international security issues. The Security Council has 15 members, 5 permanent and 10 other countries changing every two years. The five permanent countries, the Great Powers (China, France, Russia, the UK, and the US) have veto power, whi ch means, the decision can be taken if and only if all of the members agree; if even one of the five countries disagrees the decision is going to be blocked. The Great Powers decisions can change each member sovereignty trough changing the organization constitution or reforming the rules. The UN is constructed by sovereign states, so for example actions about fund agreement depend on the UN members, so they are controlling the agenda entirely. The Global Civil Society and NGOs The Global Civil society is a norm of the good, protection and a voice for the voiceless. The main contexts are personal autonomy, self-organization, globalization and global interconnectedness thus global civil society is more transnational rather than domestic. The Civil society is proclaiming human rights, moral, human’s development etc. They are supporting those which rights and voice are limited or do not have at all, because freedom is one of the main features of the society concept. The Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the non-profitable organizations (NPOs) are usually linked up with volunteering and charity. They are independent from the government and they rely on their own funds. The NGOs can work in every level–regional, national or international. Usually, the NGOs are private and that means they are always working for profit (opposite: governmental – working for the society good) but all these NGOs, NPOs, Civil society are Private but non pr ofitable, so all of them are working for improving humans life, proclaiming human rights, moral valuables, integration, environmental and cultural issues. The Intra –state wars solution Before finding the right solutions of the intra-state wars, we have to be clear about the concept and how the intra-state war occurs. At first, we have to know the difference between the intra-state war and the inter-state war. The intra-state war is between citizens of one country, they can be different ethnic groups, to have dissimilar views about a certain issue etc. Usually, the conflict leads to violence between the state army and the non-state group or groups (terrorist organizations or rebels). The conflict is affecting only the country but it is possible to have international effect. Interstate war is a conflict between two or more states, which are using their national military forces against each other in an aggressive and violent way. The intra-state wars occur in a particular state between their citizens. There are several reasons why intra-state wars occur. A reason can be different points of view about elections or how the state has to be run by the government. The reason can be related to occupying a part of the state by a particular group or trying to make a certain area independent. Also, it can be about political or governance reformation. It is possible intra-state war to occur between ethic and religion groups based on cultural, religion and economic differences. The Civil wars are long lasting and usually end up with a lot of deaths and used resources which is a benefit for the country producing weapons. In 19th and 20th century, the intra-state wars have been decreased because of the centralized governments. The Great Powers (UK, Habsburg Austria, Prussia, France, and Russia) have been involved in the conflicts by supporting the running government with the purpose to prevent violence escalation and to stop the war. Every case of war has different actors, concepts, issues and respectively different. The common thing is that each government has to think about the security of the state citizens. That is important because that would prevent mass murders and radical violence between the groups which are involved in. One of the main government obligation is to provide a â€Å"safe and secure environment† (Saideman, S. and Zahar, Marie-Joelle; (2008) Intra-state Conflict, Governments and Security; Routledge), to protect each group in the state and to decrease the violence to a minimum. According to (Saideman, S. and Zahar, Marie-Joelle; (2008) Intra-state Conflict, Governments and Security; Routledge) the civil war can be resolved by the nationalist elites. The Elites can withdraw the mass attention to a less significant issue for the purpose of governmental faults or â€Å"issues that politicians want to avoid†. Also, the elites can try to divide each group based on nationalism, religion, race etc. so their support would be limited and the government would have more power to control the citizens and their actions. Other solutions can be trying to reduce the inequality or to improve the global norms about the violence usage between humans. The violence must be minimized that would make negotiations easier. Other option is a third side – a state guarantor, which is not directly linked with the war to use force to convince both sides to agreement. Democratization is a solution, as well, because it is impossible a war to occur between two or more democra tic states, thus it is impossible in one democratic state to occur a civil war. Conclusion International regimes can change the nature of states through international organization rules but limited because of the state sovereignty. International regimes can have impact on political, social, environmental, economy, cultural, technological realms. Each international organization has different level of influence to the state, different set of rules and requirements for participation. Thus when a country is joining an organization usually is doing reformations according to the particular organization set of rules and laws. They can have influence to the wars and to resolve the problem with them. In a civil war they can play the role of the third side (guarantor) and to use force to make agreement between the arguing sides. Democratization is other way to prevent wars because the democratic concept rejects the war as a method to resolve problems. Both democratic and liberal views collaborate by the idea of achieving agreement between belligerents by negotiations. Although the v ariety of wars solution wars still occurs, that means one thing – no solution is 100% effective, each case of war needs a careful consideration and precise actions. Bibliography: Anheier, H., Glasius M., and Kaldor, M.; Introducing Global Civil Society. [Online]. Available at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/CSHS/civilSociety/yearBook/chapterPdfs/2001/chapter01.pdf Anheier, Helmut K., 1954- (2001). Global civil society [yearbook]. Oxford: Oxford University Press ; Chapter: 2004/5: Global Civil Society: A Sceptical View [Online]. Available at: https://vle.york.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/institution/Electronic%20Texts/Politics/Introduction%20to%20International%20Politics%20%5BYxxxx-002303%5D/92842%20%20Global%20Civil%20Society%20A%20Sceptical%20View.pdf Baylis, (2005). The Globalization of World Politics. Third edition. New York: Oxford University Press Gemmill, Barbara and Bamidele-Izu, Abimbola ; The Role of NGOs and Civil Society in Global Environmental Governance. [Online]. Available at:  http://www.env-net.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/gemmill.pdf Hasenclever, A., Mayer P. and Rittberger, V. Theories of international regimes Andreas. Cambridge University Press [Online]. Available at: http://graduateinstitute.ch/files/live/sites/iheid/files/sites/political_science/users/elena.gadjanova/public/Theories%20of%20international%20regimes0001.pdf Heywood, Andrew (2011). Global politics. Palgrave Macmillan; Chapter: 3 Theories of Global Politics [Online]. Available at: Kaldor, Mary (2003). Global civil society. Polity Press; Chapter: Chapter 1 [Online]. Available at: https://vle.york.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/institution/Electronic%20Texts/Politics/Introduction%20to%20International%20Politics%20%5BYxxxx-002303%5D/92807%20Global%20civil%20society%20pp.1-14.pdf https://vle.york.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/institution/Electronic%20Texts/Politics/Introduction%20to%20International%20Politics%20%5BYxxxx-002303%5D/85351%20Global%20politics%20pp.53-82.pdf Rotberg, 2002, Failed States in a World of Terror, Foreign Affairs, vol. 81, issue 4, pp. 127-140 [Online]. Available at: http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.york.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=5b5633bb-65ff-4bc0-9268-41e527b8212d%40sessionmgr4002vid=2hid=4101 Saideman, S. M. and Zahar, Marie-Joelle. (2008) Intra-state Conflict, Governments and Security. Routledge

Demonic Possession :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Demonic Possession Belief in the possibility of demonic possession has waned since the advent of sophisticated medical knowledge. What had previously been considered to be examples of control of an individual by a spirit or devil are now commonly accepted as numerous forms of mental illness, easily explained by nervous system activity. If all types of behavior (including emotional states and cognitive states) are produced and mediated solely by the brain, there leaves no potential for such a phenomenon as demonic possession to exist and such cases would clearly be instances of various illnesses. However, neuroscience has not yet been able to explain all of the characteristics common to purported cases of demonic possession ((1). A possessed individual is typically characterized by having strange physical ailments or disfigurements; verbal outbursts, mostly obscene or sacrilegious in nature; violent behavior and vulgar behavior; bodily spasms and contortions; ability to speak languages never before studied; self-mutilation; "superhuman" abilities such as psychic abilities, abnormal strength, or an ability to perform behaviors out of the realm of human possibility such as levitation; cessation of normal bodily functions for periods of time, including breathing and heart beat; and a pronounced revulsion to symbols, places, people, objects, and ceremonies having any religious context. Other phenomena associated with the presence of a demon include an acrid stench; marked decrease in the temperature of the room which a possessed individual occupies; writing appearing out of nowhere; sounds and voices arising from nowhere; and objects moving on their own and destruction of objects in the room, without anyone havin g laid a hand upon them ((2), (3). Despite the striking quality of this description, the expansion of the fields of medicine and psychology has led to diagnoses other than demonic possession for individuals who present circumstances similar to those mentioned above. These sorts of cases are now readily explained in terms of abnormal functioning in the brain and nervous system. There are various disorders which may mimic demonic possession; these include schizophrenia (and other periods of psychosis), dissociative identity disorder, and Tourette syndrome ((4). Schizophrenia is characterized by the presence of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, affective flattening or inappropriate emotional responses, avolition, and alogia. General psychotic episodes, such as might accompany mood disorders, can also closely simulate a state of demonic possession by hallucinations or delusions. The delusions can be ones of thought insertion, thought broadcasting, delusions of guilt, delusions of grandeur, such as being God (or a demon), or delusions that God (or a demon) is speaking to the person and giving commands for a special mission (5).

Handling Groups: Booking, Check in, Checkout

HANDLING GROUPS Groups can bring in huge revenue for a hotel but they make a lot of work. This statement is very much true as groups take up a number of rooms in a hotel all at once bringing in a huge amount of income at one particular point in time. In order for this to go smoothly,all hotel departments need to be given details of group arrivals well in advance so each department can make their own necessary arrangements to be able to handle groups.Various departments would have to work closely together, front office would need to send out copies of group arrival list to all departments atleast one week in advance so that other departments can make appropriate adjustments to number of staff that would be required during those times. The flow pattern for a succession of individual guests is quite different from the flow of group arrivals so housekeeping has to pay close attention ensuring rooms are ready for group arrivals.Head porters also have to arrange necessary number of staff t o be ready to move a large quantity of luggage as quickly as possible so as to not have the group transport around for long periods while unloading. All departments need to have good communication during these times, listen, ask and prepare. When best would hotels accept groups and why? Groups to a hotel can include conference delegates, unexpected group of passengers forced to stay overnight because of bad weather or maybe technical problems.Hotels sometimes are not given the opportunity to plan/prepare further ahead so they must always have a set procedure and guideline in place for un-for-seen times. Hotels would best accept groups during their slack periods, this will help to fill up the rooms and also by charging the highest possible rates for the rooms. This would also bring about the use of yield management where the hotel would be able to fill up all the empty rooms at that point, instead of having so many vacant roomsFive factors to consider when booking groups: 1. Negotiat ion- particular attention when negotiating with group leader over price, as the leader will be in a more powerful bargaining position than individual guests as they are providing the hotel with large amount of business at once so group leaders tend to bargain extremely for low rates and discounted use of facilities etc. 2.Group reservation request form- hotels needs to ensure group leader fills in and submit this form which is usually listed on hotels websites or calling direct to the hotel giving the information and also through group reservation specialist collecting all necessary information about the number in group, number of rooms, type of rooms, special requests, arrival and departure dates and times etc. 3.Payment arrangement- the arranged package prices are transfer to the group leader ledger account, it is safe for the hotel to open a separate extras account for group members individually for them to get drinks, laundry, room service on credit if this credit was not extend ed and this should be clearly noted and understood by both the group and hotel departments so as to prevent any uncomfortable situations. . Additional administrative arrangements- document a summerization of details and outline the arranged dividing of hotels responsibilities to group members and that of the group leader to it’s members, this document would include if a separate check in area is provided for the group check in which would help in avoiding long queues at reception and also to foster the feeling of group collision. 5.Couriers arrangement- when groups travel they usually have a courier/tour organiser and sometimes a driver which are free/at a reduced rate, these things should be made note of especially if the courier took care of administrative tasks as well, which would have then had to be done by the hotel own staff. Five factors to consider when checking in groups: 1. Pre registration- hotel can print off individual registration forms along with a prepared we lcome package, prepare two keys for double occupancy rooms and arrange special envelopes with group keys in ascending order. . Special code reference for each group- on check in enter group code and guest automatically transfers the agreed accommodation and meal charges to a master bill, and all extras are charged on a individual account for group members if so desired. 3. Pre arrival registration form- hotel gets the individual registration forms to groups for them to fill out on their way to the hotel, so this part is dealt with even before guests arrive at the hotel, so information is only rechecked at point of contact with reception. 4.Rooming list- hotel should obtain a copy of rooming list from the group leader in order to update individual guest profiles proving names, addresses and passport numbers into the pms system. 5. In house report/groups- immediately after check in hotel should update the system to enable all guest names, room number, special request etc, and print a copy of group in house room reports and circulate to all departments such as front desk, housekeeping, concierge, room service. Five factors to consider when checking out groups: . Ensure all group billing are prepared and billed carefully, as in some instances some group members may stay on longer after the rest of the group have left the hotel, so to ensure those individual guest are billed separately for the group rates and their individual rates. 2. Extras- making sure all other charges incurred by all individual group members are billed separately and not added to the agreed contract between hotel and group leader of accommodation and specific meal option. 3.Collecting of all key passes to rooms from individual group members, where provision was made to provide two keys for a number of single/double rooms. 4. To enquire about actual check out times of individual group members to have various departments on standby eg. Housekeeping to start cleaning and preparing rooms again for new expected guests/walk-ins, and for porters to help remove belongings from individual guest rooms in a timely manner. 5. Hotel should at check out of groups try selling single packages to individual group members, or even family and other group packages as well.

Do Women Have More to Gain or Lose from Migration than Men do

Do Women Have More to Gain or Lose from Migration than Men do Globally, men and women are involved in the tussle of moving from one point to another to seek for well-paying jobs. All these processes involve challenges that the migrants must face. When these genders migrate to foreign countries, men get jobs in high commercial companies, educational institutions, and hospitals. On the other hand, women are absorbed in jobs like mail-order brides, household workers, caregivers, and sex workers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Do Women Have More to Gain or Lose from Migration than Men do? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Obviously, the payment rates for these two categories of jobs are incomparable. In analyzing the employment fields that the two genders work after migrating to the foreign countries, it is evident that the men gain more than women do. Unfortunately, the society has grouped jobs in terms of masculine and feminine. Interestingly, these jobs are well paying as compar ed to the previous jobs that the women immigrants were doing in their native countries. Despite the fact that the feminine jobs are easy to find, they do not only have low pay packages but also have unfavorable working conditions. On the working conditions, the employees are not offered off duty programs, monetary motivation during overtimes, are physically abused, and have no access to labor unions. F or instance, house workers are prone to frequent abuses such as exploitation, forceful sexual advancements, unpaid wages, or salaries, and physical injuries. Conversely, the males enjoy varied services like job insurance, annual salary increments, hardship allowances, active labor unions, and job securities. From this point of view, the gains that women receive verses the loses they incur, reveal that women have more to lose from migration than their men colleagues do. In connection with the above point, traffickers do illegally take women out of their native countries with an intenti on of sexually abusing them. The persistent urge for sexual advancements among men makes sex workers remain in high demand. In this 21st century, there is the HIV/AIDS that is mostly transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse. This molesting behavior is not affecting the men immigrants. The repercussions of sexually transmitted infections are worse. Therefore, the women develop stress-related disorders like stigma, depression, and withdrawal. In addition, these traffickers can use the women in drug peddling, as they believe that such jobs are non-feminine, so the illegal trade would go on unnoticed. The infected women may lead a reckless life and can even spread the virus. In migration, women are the principal losers than the men. Moreover, in a continent like Asia, governments have formulated tough emigration policies for the women folk. In contrary, men can acquire their travelling documents at ease. In addition, most governments are releasing more visas to occupations tha t are masculine.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Worse still, these same governments prohibit immigrations based on family reunions. Evidently, these laws are discriminatory to the women folk; they need to be amended to inculcate the interests of all genders. The period when men viewed females as sub-genders, who cannot match the male counterparts should be long gone. When these happen, women are the ones left to take care of the children. Since men prefer to have fewer responsibilities, they can even decide not to send money back home. The mothers, being emotionally attached to their children, will never leave the kids. They will be the families’ sole providers. It beats logic that men can also decide not to come back to their native countries. This situation makes women miss the emotional companionship. Remarkably, these women will struggle physically and menta lly to ensure that they put food on the table. Again, they will undergo emotional struggles in order to maintain their marriages and families. From this viewpoint, obviously, women have less to gain from the overseas migration phenomenon. Women who secure jobs in the foreign countries realize upward movements in the socio-economic status. However, this is incomparable to men’s changes of status. It is worth to acknowledge the economic strength women acquire after migration. Once again, the women’s economic strengths cannot be compared to that of men. Unfortunately, such women may pose ‘financial threats’ to their husbands. Certainly, men always feel insecure if their wives are earning more than what they earn or if they are jobless, but the wives are employed. Such groups of men can withdraw from household responsibilities like paying utility bills. The women are left to multitask in order to support the family and even secure or protect their jobs. This s cenario traumatizes women. For example, they can come late from work and at the same time, they need to prepare some household routines. These cases are prevalent among families, in developing countries, which move to developed nations like U.S. to seek for employment. To some extent, some women do migrate to join their family members in the diaspora. These women mainly do this for social aspects than economic aspects. Economically, these women do not become productive in their new houses. Instead, they will concentrate on the household tasks and even secure low paying jobs in their neighborhood. Therefore, women have less to gain from the migration than men do.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Do Women Have More to Gain or Lose from Migration than Men do? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Redact

Redact Redact Redact By Maeve Maddox A reader has requested a discussion of the word redact: Your article on degradereminded me of redact, a verb whose meaning is shifting because the usual context in which it is used nowadays is when a document is partially censored or has portions elided. Perhaps you would like to do an article on redact. The current use of redact to mean â€Å"elide or delete† is not so much a shifting of meaning as the development of a narrowed meaning that exists in addition to other established meanings. The earliest OED citations of redact (1475) show it used in the sense of â€Å"to combine†: Romulus redacte alle the cites in to oon. [Romulus redacted all the cities into one.] The Romanes didde redresse and redacte these lawes of Salon in to x tables. [The Romans did redress (reform) and redact these laws of Solon into ten tables.] The sense of redact to mean, â€Å"to combine ideas and writings,† developed to mean, â€Å"to prepare a text for publication.† The noun redaction (something that has been edited for publication) is first recorded in the 18th century. Both redact and redaction continue to be used to refer to the act of editing in the sense that editing includes collecting, organizing, and deleting portions of texts that are being readied for publication. A special branch of biblical study is called â€Å"redaction criticism.† It concerns itself with the motives of the people who compiled, edited, and organized texts into their existing state. When government censors are called upon to redact soldiers’ letters during wartime, or to prepare classified documents for public release, the only aspect of editing that concerns them is deletion. A document â€Å"redacted† by a censor may have words and whole paragraphs blacked out. For that reason, the words redact and redaction have come to be synonymous with delete and censorship in the minds of many speakers. Not all dictionaries have caught up with this use of redact. The paid versions of M-W and OED that I use do not recognize the new usage. The free M-W Online, on the other hand, offers these definitions: redact: 1. to put in writing 2. to select or adapt (as by obscuring or removing sensitive information) for publication or release 3. to obscure or remove (text) from a document prior to publication or release In addition to their use to refer to the censoring of sensitive documents, redact and redaction have become computer terms: The technique of Blacking out parts of screenshots and other images is called Redaction. Being able to blackout, or redact, parts of an image is easily done with the Preview App that is always shipped out on all Mac computers. Click and hold your mouse down at one end of the text you want to black out (redact). Context should provide the necessary clue to how redact and redaction are being used. For example: As Professor Chauvin remarks in an Appendix to that work, the Persian redaction of this tale was made in modern times. The Gilbert Public Schools Governing Board voted to redact pages from its textbooks tied to abortion and reproduction. The [Carolingian] writer of these notes had plans to redact them into a set text, but never really got to do so. The only caveat I would offer regarding the use of redact in the sense of obliterate is to avoid the tautology â€Å"redact out†: If I scan a page and want to go in and redact out 10 blemishes, I have to keep going to the menu to select â€Å"mark for redaction† each time. Please redact out references to social security numbers and birth date on transcript copies. Redact is a transitive verb: I want to go in and redact 10 blemishes. Please redact references to social security numbers. No out needed. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"Disappointed + PrepositionPreposition Review #1: Chance of vs. Chance for

Global Managerial Economics in Mexico Research Paper

Global Managerial Economics in Mexico - Research Paper Example It required the company to purchase a large percentage of the raw materials for manufacturing the vehicles from Mexican-owned suppliers but now that is not the requirement. This means that Mexican-owned suppliers now miss out on the sales and income. Some view this as bad as more powerful countries become more sovereign (there will be an international sovereignty), jobs are reduced in "weaker" countries, and second and third world countries will have less power, income (businesses), etc. Globalization Debates (2000-2001) reports, "Politicians opposed to America's global influence and activists opposed to the inequities of oppressive global capitalism now portray globalization as dangerous. Globalization has thus become an issue in a wide-ranging global debate." Free trade limits states to operate domestically and protect their domestic welfare. These generous welfare states become less competitive. Culture is also lost. Global norms and practices take over what was originally known a s local and authentic. For example, western influence (such as America's way of doing things) becomes a global spread of what is popular and cultural homogeneity results. Some other losses include increased materialism and environmental problems.

Beijing china Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Beijing china - Essay Example These signs of Beijing being the cradle of civilization made many travelers to visit the city, considered the capital of the East’s civilization. This speech intends to give you overview information on Beijing, so that you may appreciate not only the role of the city in ancient civilization but also its central role in shaping the economy, politics, culture and social spheres of modern civilization. In this speech, Beijing’s history, location, population, administration, economic development, education, health, culture religion language hotels, climate, travel tips, transportation shopping and nightlife are explored. This information is not only important for visitors to the city such as international students but also to local students interested in the rich history and economic development of the city. Fact about Beijing In Chinese, Beijing means the city to the north. As mentioned earlier, Beijing’s history can be traced to more than eight centuries ago, durin g the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234). Built as Beijing by the Jin Dynasty, the city would later be named Zhongdu, after being seized by Mongol armies in 1215 (Li et al., 2007). The city was later renamed the Great Capital (Dadu) by the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) later renamed it Beiping, the Northern Peace on August 2, 1368 (Tourbeijing.com, 2012). From this brief history of the city, it is clear that despite Beijing being started by the Yuan Dynasty (1271 - 1368), it was actually immensely reconstructed during the reign of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1644-1911). After these two dynasties, the city was transformed into an architectural masterpiece and emerged as the undisputed capital of the Chinese empire. Beijing’s location is the other aspect of the city worth knowing. Generally, Beijing covers approximately16, 800 square kilometers with 38% of it being flat land and 62% mountains. It is located 40 degrees north latitude and 116 degrees of longitudes (Tourbeijing.com, 2012). It is to the northern parts of China and borders Hebei Province to the north, west, south, and to a small extent, the east. It borders Tianjin Municipality to the southeast. As of 2009, Beijing’s population was 20 million people with about 5 million living within the city center and the rest on the peripheries. For administrative purposes, the city is divided into two counties and fourteen districts with Fengtai, Dongcheng, Chaoyang, Haidian, Xicheng and Shijingshan being closer to the city while Tongzhou, Pinggu, Mentougou, Shunyi, Changping, Daxing, Huairou and Fangshan are on the outskirts. Economic Development, Health and Education A speech on Beijing would not be complete without mentioning the city’s economic development since its emergence. Of particular importance is the economic development of the city since the mid-20th century. In this period, Beijing transformed from a consumer city to a major industrial and global city. Currently, it does not only rank among the centers of power in China; Beijing is among the top Chinese investment hubs. In fact, with the current reforms in China, Beijing has managed to open up to improved urban construction. This development record saw the city host the Olympics Games in 2008 during which Beijing

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 45

History - Essay Example Hence, implying its recognition usually ceases when one abandons the position since the power’s basis is merely from delegation meant to oversee execution of certain responsibilities. Shihuangdis reign besides his power, which was inherent in him, he managed to unite China from diverse seven warring regions to a single state prior subdividing it again (ONeill 27). Besides, utilizing dictatorship like other rulers, for illustration, Egyptian pharaohs and Persian rulers, he was exceedingly wise and diligent in all his undertakings. This was evident especially in the way he managed to homogenize the then seven regions into one state by advocating the use of a common currency, writing and devising similar measures of scale (ONeill 35). Additionally, while still alive, he came with a plan to prepare his magnificent tomb for 36 years by compelling approximately 1,000 builders, which was not comparable with any other ruler of his time (ONeill 28). Shihuangdi’s reign, its basis was not on reverent power like other rulers who according to their subjects represented gods in their lands (ONeill 34). Hence, being the recipient of all the admiration coupled with divine obedience from the natives who used to see them as close to gods. Shihuangdi’s power was charismatic, which he earned by exemplary wisdom and diligence in the manner he executed numerous roles as a king. Shihuangdi’s autocratic rule especially on his enemies whom he wanted to bring under his power was similar to other early rulers (ONeill 35). Mainly, this technique was to conquer weak territories, which proved rebellious and could augment their military power in the future thus become a threat. Besides, Shihuangdi ensuring funeral arrangement ready for his end time, he was also eager to seek immortality, though deeply aware that was impossible (ONeill 35). This is evident especially in the way he sends trusted people to seek immortality for him in other states but fails to return

Exploring Marketing with Delta Airlines as a Case Study Essay Example for Free

Exploring Marketing with Delta Airlines as a Case Study Essay Tedlow, Richard S. believes that the history of consumer product marketing in the United States can be divided into three phrases.1 The history of marketing will aid us in understanding the business world today and is thus useful in this essay to explore this in brief before embarking on studying Delta Airlines as a case study to approach the topic of marketing, in the context of the U.S Airline Industry. Phrase 1 is that of fragmentation and this is purely due to logistics reasons, rather than the result of any marketing strategy. This results in transportation of bulky goods from one region to another being relatively expensive and for a consumer product to achieve national distribution, a favorable ratio of weight and bulk to value is required. This phrase happened before the 1880s and the market size is restricted due to a lack of information, and it is characterized by a high margin and low volume. The second phrase of unification is the rise of mass marketing, with high volume and a low margin, which is the direct opposite of the first phrase of fragmentation. The development of this phrase is possible due to firstly, the development of the railroad and the telegraph and secondly, innovations in manufacturing technology. All the above innovations led to a more effective transportation and communication network that lowered the cost of mass marketing products by significant percentages. There is a rise of standardization with advances in manufacturing technology, and it is now possible to produce in great volumes and also, in small packages. Phrase Two occurred in the period 1880s to 1950s, and during this period, brand marketing and management grew in importance. Manufacturers attempt to transform the name of his product into a kind of supername Ââ€" a brand.2 The products of this phrase not only aimed at national distribution, but also strived to attract all consumers using a single brand or product, that will be regarded as ‘standardÂ’. 1 Richard S. Tedlow, The fourth phase of marketing: Marketing history and the business world today, in Tedlow, Richard S. and Jones, Geoffrey, editors, The Rise and fall of mass marketing (London ; New York : Routledge , 1993), p. 19 2 Richard S. Tedlow, New and improved : the story of mass marketing in America (New York: Basic Books, 1990), p. 14 The third phrase is that of segmentation. The innovations that led to this phrase after the 1950s is made possible by radio and television advertising. There were also major changes in America culture that influenced consumer demand. Commercial advertising through television showed that certain programs appealed to certain classes of viewers. This meant that the opportunities for segmenting markets, that is, concentrating the selling appeal on one particular group of potential customers who might be defined by their age, income, and education ( known as demographics) or by their lifestyle ( known as psychographics) were greatly enhanced. 3 There is a rise in image advertising in this phrase, for example, Coca-Cola had always been “the symbol of the standard bearer of changeless, ageless Americana”.4 Commericals were no longer about characteristics of the products, but of the people portrayed as using them, and this led to the development of the “Pepsi Generation” for example. All this saw the breakdown of the whole American mass market developed in Phrase Two to spilt into numerous product categories from necessity items to up-market consumer-durables. Segmentation also occurs at the retail level. This phrase is characterized by high volume and value pricing. The key developments of the railway, telegraph, production technologies and television advertising, are external to corporations, but yet they manage to capitalize on them and turn opportunities into profits. This is how market segmentation evolved. Marketers are sensitive to changing times and they capitalize on opportunities and turn the situation around to a positive one, in terms of fulfilling the companyÂ’s objectives. This is the second proposition put up by Tedlow, that of “entrepreneurial vision”, of which risk-takers need to make investments and turn their visions into reality. 5 3 Robert D Buzzell and Jean-Louis Lecocq, “Polaroid France (S.A.),” in Steven H. Star, Nancy J. Davis, Christopher H. Lovelock and Benson P. Shapiro, editors, Problems in Marketing, (New York:McGrawHill, 1977), pp. 191-213 4 Richard S. Tedlow, The fourth phase of marketing: Marketing history and the business world today, in Tedlow, Richard S. and Jones, Geoffrey, editors, The Rise and fall of mass marketing (London ; New York : Routledge , 1993), p. 18 5 Richard S. Tedlow, The fourth phase of marketing: Marketing history and the business world today, in Tedlow, Richard S. and Jones, Geoffrey, editors, The Rise and fall of mass marketing (London ; New York : Routledge , 1993), p. 21 Another important proposition put up by Tedlow is that of “managing change”. Consumer tastes and the external environment are constantly changing. Corporations have to be flexible and adapt quickly to the unstable environment facing them. Competition can come from other corporations in terms of either trying to beat the firstmover with the same strategy, or trying to change the rules.5 Tedlow proposes a fourth phrase of marketing and this is due to information technology. “Inventory, is the price of the lack of information; and the information revolution is lowering that price in the factory, in the distribution system, and at the point of sale.”6 This is the stage of “micromarketing”, which is hyper-segmentation, of possibly every customer as a component of a segment of one. Supply is able to increase due to information technology, but, at the same time, demand for micromarketing is increasing. Consumers are becoming more and more demanding and they expect to get what they want, thus there is a rise in customization. Consumer choices will increase and it is every marketerÂ’s hope to sell any potential customer precisely what they want and to ensure they get maximum satisfaction. It is no longer necessary to convince consumers to purchase the standardized products that the factory has made. However, disadvantages of micromarketing must be noted. The latter may result in an overflux of choices and consumers become confused, as differences diminish. There is also the problem of shelf space or that of the limitations of distribution. Scarce resource in the form of shelf space has to be allocated by the retailers, and thus products canÂ’t just keep increasing. I will now turn my attention to the U.S Airline industry, where marketing is a framework for airline decision-making. During the period 1979 to 1983, the deepest world recession created many problems in the U.S Airline industry. Among these were rapid expansion of fuel prices, which increased the operating costs of airlines. Slot restrictions caused by the walk-out of air traffic controllers in August 1981 also posted a problem. The U.S recession resulted in a general weakness in air traffic and yields. This 6 Richard S. Tedlow, The fourth phase of marketing: Marketing history and the business world today, in Tedlow, Richard S. and Jones, Geoffrey, editors, The Rise and fall of mass marketing (London ; New York : Routledge , 1993), p. 27 is an indicator that the external environment that airlines are operating in, is thoroughly unstable. Economic upturns and downturns are expected. When the Airline Deregulation Act was passed in the United States on October 1978, the airline industry is faced with overcapacity and fare wars, and it is impossible to maintain yields. But, lessons have been learnt since the last world recession for the U.S airlines. One New York analyst comments that “I have never seen an industry so well prepared for a recession.” Airlines now are sensitive to the capacity cycle and even though the industry has a number of new aircraft on the way, there are no excessive commitments for new capacity. A lot of flexibility is built into the aircraft deals and airlines have older, fully depreciated aircraft that they can either hold on to or retire, in the face of overcapacity. There are now two new weapons open to the North American majors that they did not possess in the last downturn. The first is that of the regional jet that revived the regional airline industry, and is a potential new market. The second is the low-cost airline-within-airline operations, such as Delta Express and US AirwaysÂ’ new MetroJet. The majors are able to compete with Southwest, who can ride out a recession well because of its dedication to keeping costs down and knowing its markets well.7 Delta Express, the airline-within an airline, launched in 1996, was started not only to protect the mainline carrier from increasing low-fares competition in America but also to prove to Wall Street that Delta management can be innovative and progressive as well. The Just Plane Cookies, shaped to resemble aircraft, became the signature of Delta Express. Delta Express offers lower salaries than those at the mainline, but it is launched to motivate DeltaÂ’s employees once again, after the trust factor has been broken, with the 7.5 program as an attempt to cut costs drastically during the last industry downturn. Some 65% of Delta departures from Orlando are now delta Express flights and the market is so important to Delta Express that the carrier now occupies the whole wing of a terminal at Orlando Airport. Delta Express releases the creative skills of their people and this boosts employeesÂ’ morale. Innovations are created this way as the management is able to respond immediately. The key to making Delta Express work is to define the boundaries 7 “US majors aim to break the cycle,” Airline Business, January 1999, p. 52 so that the customer differentiates between their product and that of the mainline. Delta Express operates a point-to-point service that is not part of the mainlineÂ’s network. Delta Express gains leverage from being able to offer Delta Skymiles frequent flier points. About 70% of the customer mix is leisure and Delta Express has since moved from three fares to six fares and better yield management. They introduced seasonal fares, and they constantly reassess processes to keep costs down. Keeping costs down as an airline that is a business unit of a major carrier remains a serious challenge. However, the advance seat reservation facility that Delta Express offers is a useful advantage over both MetroJet and SouthWest, but the most obvious success of Delta Express is the way it has helped revived the spirit of Delta. 8 Even though the industry remains intensely competitive now, major carriers has a route system well suited to their individual strengths, and fewer carriers are on the verge of bankruptcy, unlike the financial crisis that we saw in the 1980s and early 1990s. “All carriers are using much stronger yield management systems which allow them to offer discounts without giving away their product through ruinous price wars”, says Raymond Neidl, an analyst at ING Barrings in New York.9 The problem of ticket discounting that led to great uncertainty in airlinesÂ’ revenue forecasts as a result of deregulation, is no longer a big problem now, as a result of stronger yield management systems. With a better outlook for traffic, the prospect of low rates of capacity growth in the near future and a manageable level of new aircraft deliveries, there seems to be better times ahead. 10 Successful airlines are market-oriented airlines, who are well-led with the topmanagement setting a clear, sound and long-term strategy. The potential available markets are identified and which market segments to exploit are decided, and the whole of the corporate resources are devoted to meeting the product needs of those identified market segments. This is the application of the marketing theory. But, first of all, what is marketing? “Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.” 11 There is a need to differentiate 8 “Express Yourself,” Airline Business, February 1999, pp. 56-57 9 “US majors aim to break the cycle,” Airline Business, January 1999, p. 51 10 Chris Tarry, “ Time to Break the Cycle,” Airline Business, June 2000, p.94 11 U.K. Institute of Marketing, quoted in Wilmhurst (1978), p. 1 between consumer and industrial marketing. The former consists of items of a relatively low unit price and there is usually not much contact between the consumer and the producer. The latter is characterized by smaller number of buyers and unit prices are high higher and there is direct contacts between the producer and the buyer. What is being market-oriented? Marketing investigation is done to gain a thorough knowledge of the market segments that the airline is interested in going into, and areas of unsatisfie d consumersÂ’ wants and needs will surface. An airline may also consider going into a market segment where consumersÂ’ wants and needs are satisfied less than their expectations. A collection of competitorÂ’s actions is important also in this initial stage of the application of marketing theory to real-life corporations. Next, a firm needs to define its marketing strategy and this starts off with the firmÂ’s objectives, that include both corporate and social ones. The corporate mission is then established which defines the broad area of activity of which the corporation is concerned. The corporation then needs to adopt a marketing plan, that consists of what consumers want and need, competitorsÂ’ actions, the strengths and weaknesses of the corporation and the opportunities and threats posed by the external environment. Marketing communication is important to secure sales of products in particular markets and also to promote the corporate image of the firm in question. At the many stages of marketing, a corporation must make a choice between deploying its own resources or hiring services. The internal organization is important and thus the appropriate corporate management structure must be established and also the application of appropriate personnel recruitment and training policies. The external organization will consist of others not in the corporation, in the role of marketing, such as services of consultants in market research. The marketing mix is the combination of the four controllable variables, of product, price, place, promotion (the four Ps) that an organization creates to satisfy its target market. Airlines need to offer a range of products such that they are better placed due to the probability of a downturn in some markets being counter-balanced by upswings in other markets. An important reason for product and market diversification is due to “synergy”. “It is the term used to describe a situation where a firm producing several products is able to do so more effectively than a set of firms with each firm concentrating on a single item.” 12 Most airlines pursue the total market strategy, that is the attempt to provide services for significant parts of the business, leisure and freight segments. Even though this strategy gives great opportunities to airlines, there is the problem of designing products which meet the conflicting requirements of the different segments. The business market segment requires a wide route network with good interconnections and a high flight frequency, and thus costly products. High seat accessibility is required as well, but high prices are charged for this segment, due to the relative price elasticity of demand. The leisure market, on the other hand, competes based on prices and this results in price instability and very low yields, and leisure demand will only peak during only a few times a year. Its products can be offered comparatively cheaply though. However, the leisure market is potentially the largest segment of the total airline market, and its longterm prospects are better than that of the business segment. As for the freight market, an all-freight airline should concentrate on large and bulky items that are too large to fit into the lower holds of even wide-bodied passenger aircraft. Overnight delivery of urgent parcels by Federal Express, has also proved to be highly successful and passenger airlines canÂ’t compete since the proportion of their flying is done in the daytime. Frequent Flier Program(FFP) as an Airline Marketing Strategy The starting point of a successful FFP is to lay down the airlineÂ’s aims and structure first. The main goal will most likely be to increase seat sales through generating repeat business among loyal customers or attracting new customers. The FFP database can be a source of marketing information and it can be used as an additional source of revenue through the trade of FFP points with associated partners. There is also the opportunity for consumers to differentiate products in a world filled with too many consumer choices, as in TedlowÂ’s fourth marketing phrase. The program needs to be accessed regularly to adapt to constantly changing market conditions and redeveloped if necessary. Airlines should not focus too narrowly on one particular objective and risk damaging the whole scheme. Thus, they should work 12 Stephen Shaw, Airline Marketing and Management, (Malabar : Krieger , 1988, c1985), p.16 across all their strategic aims. Every department needs to recognize the loyalty program as a key marketing tool and internal support need to be won. The FFP also needs market acceptance and thus the program structure needs to meet the expectations of the consumer, who looks to the awards and service benefits. Flexibility is important in the unstable economy, as in TedlowÂ’s proposition of “managing change”. Delta has long introduced a non-expiring policy for its miles, and Air France was the first European major to adapt this change after being influenced by its alliance with Delta. Customer service is also very important in FFP programs and quality management needs to remain under strict airline control. The elite program catering for the customer segment of frequent high-yield travellers, enable the airlines to keep their best customers. “A successful FFP must be one that is based on clear strategic goals, and that achieves a balance between them supported by an attractive program structure benchmarked against best global practice.” 13 For example, Delta has started a strategic alliance with Aeromexico, Air France and Korean Air. They call themselves “Skyteam”. The agreement outlines the formation of an enhanced marketing relationship among the carriers. SkyTeam airlines have a reciprocal frequent flyer program, extensive codesharing network and the best growth potential of any global alliance. SkyTeam With four airlines now working together to continually improve customer benefits, SkyTeam compares very favorably. SkyTeam is the first alliance built around customer needs and is currently one of the world’s top three global airline alliances. SkyTeam has strong hubs in key markets where 80 percent of the world’s traffic flies. Passengers will continue to enjoy the benefits of their home airlines while traveling on any SkyTeam airline, with more choices of flights and departure times, plus all frequent flyer program and lounge benefits. SkyTeam offers customers worldwide access, improved choice and convenience, consistent service and the ability to be recognized and rewarded for their loyalty. Immediate benefits include reciprocal frequent flyer programs, worldwide lounge access, 13 Ravindra Bhagwanani, “ Keeping the high Fliers,” Airline Business, June 2000, p. 93 and the combined network of Aeromexico, Air France, Delta and Korean Air. By yearend, benefits will include priority baggage handling, preferred seating for our elite frequent flyers and other benefits based on our extensive employee training program. Aeromexico has long been recognized as a market leader and the preferred choice in air travel for passengers in the Mexican and Latin American markets. Joining the alliance with like-minded partners allows Aeromexico to expand its international route network and better serve the needs of passengers as they travel on both business and pleasure throughout the world. Air France’s hub at Charles de Gaulle International Airport offers an extensive schedule of connecting flights to points throughout Europe, Africa, Asia and the Middle East. It is the best-positioned hub in Europe for transatlantic passengers traveling beyond a European gateway. In addition, the airport offers great potential for further capacity growth. Delta’s hub at Atlanta Hartsfield International Airport offers passengers more connections than any other airport in the world, with 1,316 daily flights to 126 destinations. Customers have access to a global network of 5,390 flights each day to 356 cities in 57 countries on Delta, Delta Express, Delta Shuttle, the Delta Connection carriers and Delta’s Worldwide Partners. Korean Air’s hub in Seoul is the best Asian hub for SkyTeam, offering service to 78 cities in Asia. Korean Air’s upcoming hub at Seoul’s new Inchon Airport will be the future leading hub in Asia and one of the few major hub airports in the world with room to expand. SkyTeam is a multi-lateral, global alliance among the four airlines. In addition, each carrier will continue to have bilateral relationships with airlines in their respective markets. SkyTeam plan to explore all synergy possibilities. SkyTeam has tremendous potential in the area of cargo. Delta and Air France have already announced a joint agreement, and plan to expand this to a multi-lateral level. This is the fulfilment of the total market strategy mentioned above, and strategic alliances enable a pool of resources together to serve more routes and consumers, especially when SkyTeam is the first alliance built around customer needs. History of Delta Airlines Delta Airlines began modestly, as a crop-dusting outfit in Monroe, Louisiana, in 1928, the first professional crop duster in the nation. Delta was founded by C.E Woolman, who headed the company for 38 years, until his death in 1966. He moved DeltaÂ’s headquarters to Atlanta in the early 1940s and that hub became the heart of its operations and ultimately the course of most of its management. Even though Delta actively opposed deregulation, it entered deregulation with a number of strengths. By growing, it has elbowed its way into the “big five.” Delta has expanded significantly in the Southeast by acquiring Citizens and Southern Airlines in 1953. It expanded north with its acquisition of Northeast in 1972. And in 1986, Delta joined the stampede to merge by acquiring Western Air Lines, hubbed in Salt Lake City. Because Delta paid its workers well and had never laid any off, it enjoyed relatively amicable labour relations and had few union contracts. That enabled it to enjoy high productivity, excellent service, and high worker morale with little turnover. DeltaÂ’s greatest asset of all was its people. While deregulation has brought the industry tremendous labour strife, labour-management relations were goos at DelataÂ’s Atlanta headquarters. In 1986, DeltaÂ’s workers dug into their pockets and bought the company a jet. A job with Delta is security for life, but DeltaÂ’s salary expenditures were high and they were saddled with the largest labour expenditures in the industry. But, Delta has been blessed with profitability, except in 1983, when it made a loss. This loss is because a market survey in 1982 revealed that Delta had acquired a reput ation for being highpriced in the new regulated environment. Hubs The question of hub-and-spoke networks has been a central issue in route planning under deregulation. Many airlines have based their planning on the idea that if they build a major hub, with large numbers of flights in and out of it, it will be very difficult for a newcomer to break in, as they will be able to match the wide network. This is the first-mover advantage in one of TedlowÂ’s propositions, not mentioned above. The limitations to this concept is that passengers prefer to take direct flights rather than those requiring intermediate stops. At Hartsfield Airport in Atlanta, Delta Airlines operates and it can claim to be the busiest single-airline hub in the world, with 600 daily departures. More than 20000 Delta passengers change planes in Atlanta each day. Each of DeltaÂ’s arriving and departing waves consists of over 50 aircraft, requiring all four runways to be used simultaneously for arrivals and then for departures. 14 DeltaÂ’s Mission Statement and Corporate Strategy Delta wants to be the “Worldwide Airline of Choice” and their strengths lies in the competitive edge of DeltaÂ’s people, customer service as the cornerstone of their company, a strong route system, outstanding operations and fleet and ethical and honest actions. DeltaÂ’s vision builds on DeltaÂ’s heritage and their vision results in sustained profitability that comes the opportunity for growth and advancement and the pride that comes from being part of an exceptional business organization. Delta has a Success Through Service training and that led to its achievement of a competitive advantage. Delta has built a legendary reputation for family-friendly, “deltastyle ” customer service. Employees are loyal and contented members of the “Delta Family”. Delta has also led the industry in customer satisfaction ratings, providing passengers with a consistent, high-quality flying experience. For example, Delta received the “2000 Grand Prix Customer Service Award”, whereby Teleperformance, a Parisbased customer relationship management company, honored Delta’s Online Customer Support Desk with the U.S. 2000 Grand Prix Customer Service Award, for superior email customer service support. Delta also took second in the T ransportation and Travel category for its telephone customer handling. DeltaÂ’s fundamental belief about service to people, customers and personnel, remains unchanged. Delta personnel treated one another as extended family and this concern is mirrored in the way Delta personnel treat customers. Delta hires at entry level, so thus, managers are able to handle problems of their staff with empathy since they have been through that before. There is a strong tradition of employment security in Delta. 14 Pat Hanlon, Global airlines : competition in a transnational industry, (Oxford : Butterworth Heinemann , 1996), p. 80 During economic slumps, extra staffing is redeployed into other jobs and creative options such as job sharing and voluntary personal leaves are also made available. Delta has a flat and thin management structure and engages in cross utilization and thus employees has a broader view of their company. Delta emphasizes a lot on the people side of the profit equation and thus, it has a strong compensation structure that acknowledges the people side of business and the value of experience and draws and keeps the best people on the team. Team work is inherent in Delta and everyone respects one another. There is empowerment in the job and employees are motivated to work harder and be more productive. The best measure of passenger satisfaction among U.S Airlines today is the number of complaint letters written directly to the Department of Transportation by consumers. Since 1971 when that reporting began, Delta has maintained the best overall record for passenger satisfaction of any major U.S airline per 100,000 customers boarded. “Delta knows the only way to achieve the goal of being the best and most respected airline in the world is to deliver excellent service, one customer at a time.” Importance of Information Technology Delta Airlines have exploited the challenges posed by the millenium bug to overhaul its obsolete IT infrastructure with leading-edge technology that will help achieve operational excellence and give a big boost to customer service and even contribute to revenue performance. The gate and boarding project which includes new computer systems and software, boarding documentation and procedures, is the cornerstone of the airlineÂ’s ongoing Airport Renewal program to modernize and standardized DeltaÂ’s ancient airport technology and physical plant. Not only is the system simpler but it greatly enhances DeltaÂ’s ability to recognize and regard its best customers or those needing extra attention. The system is tied to DeltaÂ’s customer database, and thus the customerÂ’s past history or possible dissatisfaction with DeltaÂ’s services could be established and corrected for in the customerÂ’s next flight. The systems greatest value will be when things go wrong and people wi ll be satisfied that they are handled well during those circumstances. Delta develops technology around process, rather than function. They have been planning and changing their technology around the customers, rather than the systems being functionally focused around reservations, airports and the Internet. Delta is ultimately interested in the “Customer Experience”. Delta cuts costs by $30 million per year, due to a standard technology infrastructure at all locations and thus expect to increase customer service significantly.15 Delta continues evaluating emerging technologies that may further increase its customer services. Conclusion As shown in DeltaÂ’s case above, Delta engages in information technology and now, they are able to focus individually on every customer, and increase their customer service and this is characterized by TedlowÂ’s fourth marketing phrase Ââ€" micromarketing. An airline is very service oriented and thus, consumers will not be confused in terms of numerous products emerging, but rather, they will be pleased by the excellent service they receive. Delta has also been a well-managed company, whereby employees are empowered and teams are used to facilitate brain-storming and everyoneÂ’s opinion is taken into consideration. Employment at the entry-level further enhances the ability to empathize with others working in other departments. Delta is also very customer-oriented and that totally encompass the marketing concept of putting customerÂ’s needs and wants first. Delta is able to compete globally and become one of the ‘big fiveÂ’ in America and has one of the busiest hubs in Atlanta. All this comes from sound marketing principles, a mission statement of being the “Worldwide Airline of Choice”, a total market strategy in the business, leisure and freight market segments. Delta has also gone into strategic alliances in SkyWest to further enhance customer service. Delta concentrated also on standardizing its operations through its technology infrastructure and this is part of TedlowÂ’s Phrase two where standardization is widespread. Delta also segments its markets into the three market segments and continues to serve its different market segments with excellent service and this is Phrase Three in what Tedlow comes up with. 15 King, Julia and Wallace Bob, Corporate standards are key to Delta plan, Computerworld, Volume 33, Issue 24 (Framingham, June 1999), p.16 The case on Delta has shown that focus on the customer is very important for any corporation to succeed. Management is also very important with the right corporate culture and structure instilled, and coupled with marketing strategies, can achieve a worldwide standard and accepted corporation. Bibliography Buzzell, Robert D. and Lecocq, Jean-Louis, Polaroid France (S.A.), in Steven H. Star, Nancy J. Davis, Christopher H. Lovelock and Benson P. 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